Talk:Shirerothian language
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Phonology & Orthography
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | ⟨ m ⟩ / m / |
⟨ n ⟩ / n / |
⟨ ng ⟩ / ŋ / |
|||||||||||||
| Plosive | ⟨ p ⟩ / p / |
⟨ b ⟩ / b / |
⟨ t ⟩ / t / |
⟨ d ⟩ / d / |
⟨ k ⟩ / k / |
⟨ g ⟩ / g / |
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| Affricate | ⟨ tx ⟩ / tʃ / |
⟨ dj ⟩ / dʒ / |
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| Fricative | ⟨ f ⟩ / f / |
⟨ v ⟩ / v / |
⟨ þ ⟩ / θ / |
⟨ ð ⟩ / ð / |
⟨ s ⟩ / s / |
⟨ z ⟩ / z / |
⟨ x ⟩ / ʃ / |
⟨ j ⟩ / ʒ / |
⟨ ⟩ / x / |
⟨ h ⟩ / h / | ||||||
| Approximant | ⟨ l ⟩ / l / |
⟨ ȝ ⟩ / j / |
⟨ ⟩ / ʍ / |
⟨ w ⟩ / w / |
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| Trill | ⟨ r ⟩ / r / |
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| Lateral Fricative | ⟨ ɬ ⟩ / ɬ / |
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Vowels
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ⟨ i ⟩ / i / |
⟨ ü ⟩ / y / |
⟨ u ⟩ / u / |
| Mid | ⟨ e ⟩ / e / |
⟨ ö ⟩ / ø / |
⟨ o ⟩ / o / |
| Low | ⟨ æ ⟩ / æ / |
⟨ a ⟩ / ɑ / | |
[y] and [ø] are allophones of /u/ and /o/, respectively, occurring in complementary distribution with [u] and [o].
There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.
Nominal Morphology
The underlying morphophoneme ъ is realized differently according to different stem endings:
- [y] + -ъ => -i
- [w] + -ъ# => -[]
- [l] + -ъ => -e
- [r] + -ъ => -e
- -ъC => -aC
- otherwise -ъ ==> -[]
Stems ending in [w] will mutate the endings as follows:
- [w] + -o => -u
- [w] + -u => -u
- [w] + -ъC => -uC
1st Declension
Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -is. If the stem ends in a vowel, the Vocative has the same form as the Nominative and Accusative, and the vowel is dropped in the plural.
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "Sovereign" kaȝsar- |
"Shepherd" airdj- |
"speech" præta- |
Underlying | "might" alf- |
"cliff" nasj- | |||
| Vocative | -e | kaȝsare | airdje | præta | -ъ | alf | nasi | ||
| Nominative | -ъ | kaȝsar | airdi | ||||||
| Accusative | |||||||||
| Genitive | -is | kaȝsaris | airdis | prætais | -is | alfis | nasis | ||
| Dative | -i | kaȝsari | airdi | prætai | -i | alfi | nasi | ||
| Nominative | -ъs | kaȝsaras | airdjas | prætas | -a | alfa | nasja | ||
| Accusative | |||||||||
| Genitive | -on | kaȝsaron | airdjon | præton | -on | alfon | nasjon | ||
| Dative | -ъm | kaȝsaram | airdim | prætam | -ъm | alfam | nasim | ||
2nd Declension
Animate Genders only. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -os.
| Animate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "mango" gollet- |
"child" magw-/mog- | ||
| Vocative | -ъ | gollet | mag/mog | |
| Nominative | ||||
| Accusative | ||||
| Genitive | -os | golletos | magus/mogos | |
| Dative | -u | golletu | magu/mogu | |
| Nominative | -ъs | golletas | magus/mogas | |
| Accusative | ||||
| Genitive | -on | golleton | magun/mogon | |
| Dative | -ъm | golletam | magum/mogam | |
3rd Declension
Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -in.
| Animate | Inanimate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "worm" maþ- |
Underlying | "eye" og- | |||||
| Vocative | -a | maþa | -a | oga | ||||
| Nominative | ||||||||
| Accusative | -ъn | maþan |
| |||||
| Genitive | -in | maþin | -in | ogin | ||||
| Dative | -in | maþin | -in | ogin | ||||
| Nominative | -ъn | maþan | -ъn | ogan | ||||
| Accusative | ||||||||
| Genitive | -on | maþon | -on | ogon | ||||
| Dative | -ъm | maþam | -ъm | ogam | ||||
