Talk:Shirerothian language

Phonology & Orthography

Consonants

	Bilabial		Labiodental		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Palatal		Velar		Glottal
Nasal	⟨ m ⟩ / m /						⟨ n ⟩ / n /						⟨ ng ⟩ / ŋ /
Plosive	⟨ p ⟩ / p /	⟨ b ⟩ / b /					⟨ t ⟩ / t /	⟨ d ⟩ / d /					⟨ k ⟩ / k /	⟨ g ⟩ / g /
Affricate									⟨ tx ⟩ / tʃ /	⟨ dj ⟩ / dʒ /
Fricative			⟨ f ⟩ / f /	⟨ v ⟩ / v /	⟨ þ ⟩ / θ /	⟨ ð ⟩ / ð /	⟨ s ⟩ / s /	⟨ z ⟩ / z /	⟨ x ⟩ / ʃ /	⟨ j ⟩ / ʒ /			⟨   ⟩ / x /		⟨ h ⟩ / h /
Approximant							⟨ l ⟩ / l /				⟨ ȝ ⟩ / j /		⟨   ⟩ / ʍ /	⟨ w ⟩ / w /
Trill							⟨ r ⟩ / r /
Lateral Fricative							⟨ ɬ ⟩ / ɬ /

Vowels

	Front		Back
High	⟨ i ⟩ / i /	⟨ ü ⟩ / y /	⟨ u ⟩ / u /
Mid	⟨ e ⟩ / e /	⟨ ö ⟩ / ø /	⟨ o ⟩ / o /
Low	⟨ æ ⟩ / æ /		⟨ a ⟩ / ɑ /

/ j / + / i / between consonants is realized as / ej / and written ⟨ ei ⟩

There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.

Changes from Middle Praeta

1st Declension nouns whose stems ended / w / in Middle Præta acquired a u-mutation, lost the / w / and shifted into the 2nd Declension in New Præta.

e.g. MP. magwъ, magwis "child" => NP. mog, mogos "child"

Preterit suffix -u- + Preterit personal endings in Middle Præta has become a u-mutation + Preterit personal endings in New Præta.

e.g. MP. haziwi "I praised" => NP. hozei [hozy- + -i] "I praised" versus hazia "I praise"

Verbal morphology collapsed down from multiple conjugations into a single paradigm based on the increasingly productive -a- or weak conjugation.

Loss of vowel harmony in inflectional and derivational suffixes.

Nominal Morphology

The underlying morphophoneme ъ is realized differently according to different stem endings:

• / j /- + -/ ъ / => / i /
• / w /- + -/ ъ /# => /  /
• / l /- + -/ ъ /# => / e /
• / r /- + -/ ъ /# => / e /
• C/ ъ /C => C/ a /C
• otherwise -/ ъ /# ==> -/  /

1st Declension

Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -is. If the stem ends in a vowel, the Vocative has the same form as the Nominative and Accusative, and the vowel is dropped in the plural.

	Animate						Inanimate
	Underlying	"Sovereign" kaȝsar-	"Shepherd" airdȝ-	"speech" præta-	Underlying		"might" alf-	"cliff" nasj-
Vocative	-e	kaȝsare	airdje	præta	-ъ		alf	nasi
Nominative	-ъ	kaȝsar	airdi
Accusative
Genitive	-is	kaȝsaris	airdis	prætais	-is		alfis	nasis
Dative	-i	kaȝsari	airdi	prætai	-i		alfi	nasi
Nominative	-ъs	kaȝsaras	airdȝas	prætas	-a	alfa	nasja
Accusative
Genitive	-on	kaȝsaron	airdȝon	præton	-on	alfon	nasjon
Dative	-ъm	kaȝsaram	airdim	prætam	-ъm	alfam	nasim

2nd Declension

Animate Genders only. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -os.

	Animate
	Underlying	"mango" gollet-	"child" magw-/mog-
Vocative	-ъ	gollet	mag/mog
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive	-os	golletos	magus/mogos
Dative	-u	golletu	magu/mogu
Nominative	-ъs	golletas	magus/mogas
Accusative
Genitive	-on	golleton	magun/mogon
Dative	-ъm	golletam	magum/mogam

3rd Declension

Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -in.

	Animate					Inanimate
	Underlying	"worm" maþ-				Underlying	"eye" og-
Vocative	-a	maþa				-a	oga
Nominative
Accusative	-ъn	maþan
Genitive	-in	maþin				-in	ogin
Dative	-in	maþin				-in	ogin
Nominative	-ъn	maþan			-ъn	ogan
Accusative
Genitive	-on	maþon			-on	ogon
Dative	-ъm	maþam			-ъm	ogam

Verbal Morphology

oj- "run"		Ending		Present (-a-)	Imperfect (-ala-)	Subjunctive (-e-)
Imperfective stem	1s	-		oja	ojala	oje
	2s	-s		ojas	ojalas	ojes
	3s	-t		ojat	ojalat	ojet
	1p	-ne		ojane	ojalane	ojene
	2p	-þ		ojaþ	ojalaþ	ojeþ
	3p	-re		ojare	ojalare	ojere
uj- "ran"		Ending	Preterit Tense
Perfective u-mutated stem	1s	-1	uji
	2s	-is	ujis
	3s	-it	ujit
	1p	-imen	ujimen
	2p	-iten	ujiten
	3p	-iren	ujiren
oj- "run!"		Ending	Imperative
Imperative stem	1s	-	-
	2s	-i	oji
	3s	-
	1p	-	-
	2p	-ite	ojite
	3p	-	-
oj- "running"		Ending	Infinitive
Non-Finite 1st Declension		-osa	ojosa
		Ending	Present Participle
		-anȝ-	ojani
		Ending	Preterit Participle
		(u)-az-	ujaz

Constructions

Dependent Phrases

Avoidance of infinitive constructions in favor of that followed by the dependent phrase in the subjunctive.

e.g.

ulla pos txite ȝu Præta - "I want to write in Praeta", lit. "I want that I write in Praeta"

ulla pos txitet ȝu Præta - "I want him to write in Praeta", lit. "I want that he write in Praeta"