Elw language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:34, 4 February 2018

The Elw language is an ergative–absolutive agglutinating language spoken in Elwynn, Wintergleam and Talenore.

Background

Blah, blah, language of Elwynn

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial\|		Alveolar		Retroflex		Palatal				Uvular		Glottal

Nasal		⟨ m ⟩ / m /		⟨ n ⟩ / n /					⟨ n ⟩ / ŋ̊ /	⟨ n ⟩ / ŋ /		⟨ n ⟩ / ɴ /
Stop	⟨ p ⟩ / p /	⟨ b ⟩ / b /	⟨ t ⟩ / t /	⟨ d ⟩ / d /							⟨ q ⟩ / q /	⟨ g ⟩ / ɢ /
Sibilant fricative			⟨ s ⟩ / s /	⟨ z ⟩ / z /	⟨ š ⟩ / ʂ /	⟨ ž ⟩ / ʐ /			⟨ k ⟩ / k /
Non-sibilant fricative	⟨ f ⟩ / ɸ /	⟨ v ⟩ / β /					⟨ š ⟩ / ɕ /	⟨ ž ⟩ / ʑ /			⟨ q ⟩ / χ /	⟨ q ⟩ / ʁ /	⟨ h ⟩ / h /	⟨ ħ ⟩ / ɦ /
Trill			⟨ ř ⟩ / r̥ /	⟨ r ⟩ / r /
Lateral approximant			⟨ ł ⟩ / l̥ /	⟨ l ⟩ / l /

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-mid			o
Mid	e	ə
Open	a

Syllabic structure

Orthography

UNDER REVISION

While Elw has a calligraphic script, Elw is generally written with the Latin or Cyrillic script. The calligraphic script is used in art and for decoration, but in every-day language, either Latin or Cyrillic is employed.

The modern alphabet in Latin and Cyrillic is:

Latin Upper Case	A	AA	B	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	LL	M	N	O	OO	P	Q	R	S	T	U	UU	V	X	Y	Z
Latin lower case	a	aa	b	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	ll	m	n	o	oo	p	q	r	s	t	u	uu	v	x	y	z
Cyrillic upper case	А	АА	Б	Д	Э	Ф	Г	Х	И	Й	К	Л	Љ	М	Н	О	ОО	П	Ћ	Р	С	Т	У	УУ	В	Ш	Ө	З
Cyrillic lower case	а	аа	б	д	э	ф	г	х	и	й	к	л	љ	м	н	о	оо	р	ћ	р	с	т	у	уу	в	ш	ө	з
General pronunciation (IPA)	[a]~[ɐ]	[aː]~[ɑː]	[b]	[d]	[e]~[eː]	[f]	[g]	[h]	[i(ː)]~[ɪ]	[j]	[k]	[l]	[lʷ]~[w]	[m]	[n]	[ɔ] [o]	[ɔː]~[oː]	[p]	[c]~[ɕ]~[χ]	[r]~[r]~[ʀ]	[s]	[t]	[ʊ]~[u]	[ʊː]~[uː]	[v]~[β]~[w]	[ʂ]~[ʃ]	[ɜ]~[ə]	[z]

Elw orthography has been reformed a few times since becoming a literary language when sounds change over time.

The most common obsolete letters are these (which can still sometimes be seen in names and signs):

Obsolete Latin	Ā ā, Â â	Ē ē, Ê ê	Ī ī, Î î, Í í	Ō ō, Ô ô	Ū ū, Û û	Ŷ ŷ, Ý ý	C c	NG ng	PH ph	TH th
Equivalent Cyrillic	АА аа	Е е	І і	ОО оо	Уу Уу	Ү ү	Ч ч	Ң ң	Ф ф	Ѳ ѳ
Historical pronunciation	[aː]~[ɑː]	[eː]	[iː]	[ɔː]~[oː]	[uː]	[ɜː]	[tʃ]	[ŋ]	[ɸ]	[θ]
Replaced by letters:	AA aa	E e	I i	OO oo	UU uu	Y y	X x Q q	N n M m	F f B b	T t

Grammar

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

	I	We	You (sg)	You (pl)	Zie	They
absolutive	an	arus	ili	ilis	un	urus
ergative	anyh	aruhys	ilih	ilihys	unyh	uruhys
instrumental	anmeq	aruneq	ilimeq	ilineq	unmeq	uruneq
allative	anmus	arunus	ilimus	ilinus	unmus	urunus
locative	anyn	aruni	ilin	ilini	unyn	uruni
ablative	anmys	arunys	ilimys	ilinys	unmys	urunys
prosecutive	anios	aruzios	ilios	ilizios	unios	uruzios
equative	andus	arudus	ilidus	ilidus	undus	urudos

Nominals

Cases

Absolutive

Ergative

Instrumental

Allative

Locative

Ablative

Prosecutive

Equative

Simple nominals

	Singular	Plural		English approx.
absolutive	-Ø, -q, -r	(y)s	kizoq	kizos
ergative	-(y)h	-hys	kizoh	kizohys
instrumental	-meq	-neq	kizomeq	kizoneq	"using the cat"
allative	-mus	-nus	kizomus	kizonus	"toward the cat"
locative	-(y)n	-ni	kizon	kizoni	"in the cat"
ablative	-mys	-nys	kizomys	kizonys	"from the cat"
prosecutive	-jos, -ios, -os	zios	kizojos	kizozios	"with the cat", "along the cat"
equative	-dus	-dus	kizodus	kizodus	"like a cat"

Possessives

Possessor	Singular	Plural	Example	Example
1st person sg	ra	ja, ia	kizora "my cat"	kizoja "my cats"
2nd person sg	(i)s	sis	kizos "your cat"	kizosis "your cats"
3rd person sg	a	e	kizoa "his cat"	kizoe "his cats"
1st person pl	bus	hus	kizobus "our cat"	kizohus "our cats"
2nd person pl	ze	se	kizoze "your cat"	kizose "your cats"
3rd person pl	as	es	kizoas "their cat"	kizoes "their cats"

Complex nominals/possessives

When the nominal is inflected in another case than absolutive, the possessive comes afterwards. If this means that two consonants will follow each other in the stem, the schwa (-y-) is added inbetween:

Kizohyra qimnea neriaa:
Cat (ergative, possessive first person singular) dog (absolutive, possessive third person singuar) eats (intransitive; indicative):
My cat eats his dog.

Verbs

Verbs are inflected differently depending on if they take an intransitive or transitive form. In Elw grammar, a transitive form occurs when there is a nominal agent (an object) to the verb.

There are no tenses in Elw; however the verbs are inflected by their mood.

Moods

Intransitive

	Indicative	Interrogative	Imperative	Optative	Conjunctive	Conditional	Participial
1st person sg	-on	-(e)q		-lam	-ram	-ona	-son
2nd person sg	-ozys	-(y)s	-(y)hi	-lamys	-ramys	-ahys	-suzys
3rd person sg	-os	-a		-li	-ramy	-oni	-sys
1st person pl	-ohus	-za	-ha	-lajus	-rada	-ruza	-sus
2nd person pl	-oze	-zy	-hazy	-lazy	-razy	-ruzy	-suze
3rd person pl	-bus	-zas		-lis	-rameq	-runeq	-suhus

Here follows an example of neri- (to eat):

	Indicative	Interrogative	Imperative	Optative	Conjunctive	Conditional	Participial
1st person sg	nerion	nereq		nerilam	neriram	neriona	nerison
2nd person sg	neriozys	neris	nerihi	nerilamys	neriramys	neriahys	nerisusys
3rd person sg	nerios	neria		nerili	neriramy	nerioni	nerisys
1st person pl	neriohus	neriza	neriha	nerilajus	nerirada	neriruza	nerisus
2nd person pl	nerioze	nerizy	nerihazy	nerilazy	nerirazy	neriruzy	nerisuze
3rd person pl	neribus	nerizas		nerilis	nerirameq	neriruneq	nerisuhus

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 |-
 ! Nasal
-|  || {{orth|M m}}<br />{{phm|m}} ||  || {{orth|N n}}<br /> {{phm|n}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{orth|N n}}<br /> {{phm|ŋ̊}} || {{orth|N n}}<br /> {{phm|ŋ}} ||  || {{orth|N n}}<br />  {{phm|ɴ}} ||  ||
+|  || {{orth|m}}<br />{{phm|m}} ||  || {{orth|n}}<br /> {{phm|n}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{orth|n}}<br /> {{phm|ŋ̊}} || {{orth|n}}<br /> {{phm|ŋ}} ||  || {{orth|n}}<br />  {{phm|ɴ}} ||  ||
 |-
 ! Stop
-| {{orth|P p}}<br /> {{phm|p}} || {{orth|B b}}<br /> {{phm|b}} || {{orth|T t}}<br /> {{phm|t}} || {{orth|D d}}<br /> {{phm|d}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{orth|Q q}}<br /> {{phm|q}} || {{orth|G g}}<br /> {{phm|ɢ}} ||  ||
+| {{orth|p}}<br /> {{phm|p}} || {{orth|b}}<br /> {{phm|b}} || {{orth|t}}<br /> {{phm|t}} || {{orth|d}}<br /> {{phm|d}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{orth|q}}<br /> {{phm|q}} || {{orth|g}}<br /> {{phm|ɢ}} ||  ||
 |-
 ! Sibilant fricative
-|  ||  || {{orth|S s}}<br />  {{phm|s}} || {{orth|Z z}}<br /> {{phm|z}} || {{orth|Š š}}<br /> {{phm|ʂ}} || {{orth| Ž ž}}<br /> {{phm|ʐ}} ||  ||  || {{orth|K k}}<br />{{phm|k}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|  ||  || {{orth|s}}<br />  {{phm|s}} || {{orth|z}}<br /> {{phm|z}} || {{orth|š}}<br /> {{phm|ʂ}} || {{orth|ž}}<br /> {{phm|ʐ}} ||  ||  || {{orth|k}}<br />{{phm|k}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
 ! Non-sibilant fricative
-| {{orth|F f}}<br />{{phm|ɸ}} || {{orth|V v}}<br /> {{phm|β}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{orth|Š š}}<br /> {{phm|ɕ}} || {{orth| Ž ž}}<br /> {{phm|ʑ}} ||  ||  ||  {{orth|Q q}}<br /> {{phm|χ}} ||  {{orth|Q q}}<br /> {{phm|ʁ}} || {{orth|H h}}<br /> {{phm|h}} || {{orth|Ħ ħ}}<br /> {{phm|ɦ}}
+| {{orth|f}}<br />{{phm|ɸ}} || {{orth|v}}<br /> {{phm|β}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{orth|š}}<br /> {{phm|ɕ}} || {{orth| ž}}<br /> {{phm|ʑ}} ||  ||  ||  {{orth|q}}<br /> {{phm|χ}} ||  {{orth|q}}<br /> {{phm|ʁ}} || {{orth|h}}<br /> {{phm|h}} || {{orth|ħ}}<br /> {{phm|ɦ}}
 |-
 ! Trill
-|  ||  || {{orth|Ř ř}}<br />  {{phm|r̥}} || {{orth|R r}}<br /> {{phm|r}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|  ||  || {{orth|ř}}<br />  {{phm|r̥}} || {{orth|r}}<br /> {{phm|r}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
 ! Lateral approximant
-|  ||  || {{orth|Ł ł}}<br /> {{phm|l̥}} || {{orth|L l}}<br /> {{phm|l}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+|  ||  || {{orth|ł}}<br /> {{phm|l̥}} || {{orth|l}}<br /> {{phm|l}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |}