Talk:Shirerothian language: Difference between revisions

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'''Infinitive''': -''ar''
'''Infinitive''': -''ar''
'''Participles''':


Divided according to ending set.
Present Ending Set:
:Present: -a-
:Subjunctive: -e-
:Imperfect: -ala-
Preterit Ending Set:
:Preterit: -i-
'''Personal Endings''':
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | ''oj-''<br />"run"
! colspan=2 | Present
! Ending
| rowspan=5 |  
| rowspan=23 |
! colspan=2 | Preterit
! Present Tense (-a-)
! Imperfect Tense (-ala-)
! Present Subjunctive (-e-)
|-
! rowspan=6 style='text-align:center; transform: rotate(-90deg); background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);' | Imperfective<br /><small>''stem''</small>
! 1s
! -
| oja
| ojala
| oje
|-
! 2s
! -s
| ojas
| ojalas
| ojes
|-
! 3s
! -t
| ojat
| ojalat
| ojet
|-
! 1p
! -ne
| ojane
| ojalane
| ojene
|-
! 2p
! -ts
| ojats
| ojalats
| ojets
|-
! 3p
! -re
| ojare
| ojalare
| ojere
|-
| colspan=5 |
|-
|-
! Singular
! colspan=2 | uj-<br />"ran"
! Plural
! Ending
! Singular
! Preterit Tense
! Plural
|-
|-
! 1st
! rowspan=6 style='text-align:center; transform: rotate(-90deg); background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);' | Perfective<br /><small>''u-mutated stem''</small>
! 1s
! -1
| uji
|-
! 2s
! -is
| ujis
|-
! 3s
! -it
| ujit
|-
! 1p
! -imen
| ujimen
|-
! 2p
! -iten
| ujiten
|-
! 3p
! -iren
| ujiren
|-
| colspan=5 |
|-
! colspan=2 | oj-<br />"run!"
! Ending
! Imperative
|-
! rowspan=6 style='text-align:center; transform: rotate(-90deg); background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);' | Imperative<br /><small>''stem''</small>
! 1s
! -
| -
| -
| -ne
| -i
| -imen
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2s
| -s
! -i
| -ts
| oji
| -is
| -iten
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3s
| -t
! -
| -re
|
| -it
|-
| -iren
! 1p
! -
| -
|-
! 2p
! -ite
| ojite
|-
! 3p
! -
| -
|}
|}

Revision as of 04:25, 3 October 2017

Phonology & Orthography

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal ⟨ m ⟩
/ m / 		⟨ n ⟩
/ n / 		⟨ ng ⟩
/ ŋ /
Plosive ⟨ p ⟩
/ p / 		⟨ b ⟩
/ b / 		⟨ t ⟩
/ t / 		⟨ d ⟩
/ d / 		⟨ k ⟩
/ k / 		⟨ g ⟩
/ g /
Affricate ⟨ tx ⟩
/ tʃ / 		⟨ dj ⟩
/ dʒ /
Fricative ⟨ f ⟩
/ f / 		⟨ v ⟩
/ v / 		⟨ þ ⟩
/ θ / 		⟨ ð ⟩
/ ð / 		⟨ s ⟩
/ s / 		⟨ z ⟩
/ z / 		⟨ x ⟩
/ ʃ / 		⟨ j ⟩
/ ʒ / 		⟨   ⟩
/ x / 		⟨ h ⟩
/ h /
Approximant ⟨ l ⟩
/ l / 		⟨ ȝ ⟩
/ j / 		⟨   ⟩
/ ʍ / 		⟨ w ⟩
/ w /
Trill ⟨ r ⟩
/ r /
Lateral Fricative ⟨ ɬ ⟩
/ ɬ /

Vowels

Front Back
High ⟨ i ⟩
/ i / 		⟨ ü ⟩
/ y / 		⟨ u ⟩
/ u /
Mid ⟨ e ⟩
/ e / 		⟨ ö ⟩
/ ø / 		⟨ o ⟩
/ o /
Low ⟨ æ ⟩
/ æ / 		⟨ a ⟩
/ ɑ /

/ j / + / i / between consonants is realized as / ej / and written ⟨ ei ⟩

There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.

Changes from Middle Praeta

1st Declension nouns whose stems ended / w / in Middle Præta acquired a u-mutation, lost the / w / and shifted into the 2nd Declension in New Præta.

e.g. MP. magwъ, magwis "child" => NP. mog, mogos "child"

Preterit suffix -u- + Preterit personal endings in Middle Præta has become a u-mutation + Preterit personal endings in New Præta.

e.g. MP. haziwi "I praised" => NP. hozei [hozy- + -i] "I praised" versus hazia "I praise"

Verbal morphology collapsed down from multiple conjugations into a single paradigm based on the increasingly productive -a- or weak conjugation.

Loss of vowel harmony in inflectional and derivational suffixes.

Nominal Morphology

The underlying morphophoneme ъ is realized differently according to different stem endings:

  • / j /- + -/ ъ / => / i /
  • / w /- + -/ ъ /# => /  /
  • / l /- + -/ ъ /# => / e /
  • / r /- + -/ ъ /# => / e /
  • C/ ъ /C => C/ a /C
  • otherwise -/ ъ /# ==> -/  /

1st Declension

Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -is. If the stem ends in a vowel, the Vocative has the same form as the Nominative and Accusative, and the vowel is dropped in the plural.

Animate Inanimate
Underlying "Sovereign"
kaȝsar- 		"Shepherd"
airdȝ- 		"speech"
præta- 		Underlying "might"
alf- 		"cliff"
nasj-
Vocative -e kaȝsare airdje præta -ъ alf nasi
Nominative -ъ kaȝsar airdi
Accusative
Genitive -is kaȝsaris airdis prætais -is alfis nasis
Dative -i kaȝsari airdi prætai -i alfi nasi
 
Nominative -ъs kaȝsaras airdȝas prætas -a alfa nasja
Accusative
Genitive -on kaȝsaron airdȝon præton -on alfon nasjon
Dative -ъm kaȝsaram airdim prætam -ъm alfam nasim

2nd Declension

Animate Genders only. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -os.

Animate
Underlying "mango"
gollet- 		"child"
magw-/mog-
Vocative -ъ gollet mag/mog
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive -os golletos magus/mogos
Dative -u golletu magu/mogu
Nominative -ъs golletas magus/mogas
Accusative
Genitive -on golleton magun/mogon
Dative -ъm golletam magum/mogam

3rd Declension

Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -in.

Animate Inanimate
Underlying "worm"
maþ- 		Underlying "eye"
og-
Vocative -a maþa -a oga
Nominative
Accusative -ъn maþan


Genitive -in maþin -in ogin
Dative -in maþin -in ogin
Nominative -ъn maþan -ъn ogan
Accusative
Genitive -on maþon -on ogon
Dative -ъm maþam -ъm ogam

Verbal Morphology

Infinitive: -ar Participles:

oj-
"run" 		Ending Present Tense (-a-) Imperfect Tense (-ala-) Present Subjunctive (-e-)
Imperfective
stem 		1s - oja ojala oje
2s -s ojas ojalas ojes
3s -t ojat ojalat ojet
1p -ne ojane ojalane ojene
2p -ts ojats ojalats ojets
3p -re ojare ojalare ojere
uj-
"ran" 		Ending Preterit Tense
Perfective
u-mutated stem 		1s -1 uji
2s -is ujis
3s -it ujit
1p -imen ujimen
2p -iten ujiten
3p -iren ujiren
oj-
"run!" 		Ending Imperative
Imperative
stem 		1s - -
2s -i oji
3s -
1p - -
2p -ite ojite
3p - -
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