Talk:Shirerothian language: Difference between revisions

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There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.
There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.
==Changes from Middle Praeta==
1st Declension nouns whose stems ended {{phm|w}} in Middle Præta acquired a u-mutation, lost the {{phm|w}} and shifted into the 2nd Declension in New Præta.
:e.g. MP. ''magwъ'', ''magwis'' "child" => NP. ''mog'', ''mogos'' "child"
Preterit suffix -u- + Preterit personal endings in Middle Præta has become a u-mutation + Preterit personal endings in New Præta.
:e.g. MP. ''haziwi'' "I praised" => NP. hozei [hozy- + -i] "I praised" versus ''hazia "I praise"
Verbal morphology collapsed down from multiple conjugations into a single paradigm based on the increasingly productive -a- or ''weak'' conjugation.
Loss of vowel harmony in inflectional and derivational suffixes.


==Nominal Morphology==
==Nominal Morphology==


The underlying morphophoneme '''''ъ''''' is realized differently according to different stem endings:
The underlying morphophoneme '''''ъ''''' is realized differently according to different stem endings:
* [y] + -ъ => -i
* {{phm|j}}- + -{{phm|ъ}} => {{phm|i}}
* [w] + -ъ# => -[]
* {{phm|w}}- + -{{phm|ъ}}''#'' => {{phm|}}
* [l] + -ъ => -e
* {{phm|l}}- + -{{phm|ъ}}''#'' => {{phm|e}}
* [r] + -ъ => -e
* {{phm|r}}- + -{{phm|ъ}}''#'' => {{phm|e}}
* -ъ''C'' => -a''C''
* ''C''{{phm|ъ}}''C'' => ''C''{{phm|a}}''C''
* otherwise -ъ ==> -[]
* otherwise -{{phm|ъ}}''#'' ==> -{{phm|}}
 
Stems ending in [w] will mutate the endings as follows:
* [w] + -o => -u
* [w] + -u => -u
* [w] + -ъ''C'' => -u''C''
 
Stems ending with [w] apply u-mutation and vanish in the transition from Middle/Early New to New Praeta.
:magw- "child" => mog-


===1st Declension===
===1st Declension===
Line 386: Line 390:
! -ъm
! -ъm
| ogam
| ogam
|}
==Verbal Morphology==
'''Infinitive''': -''ar''
Divided according to ending set.
Present Ending Set:
:Present: -a-
:Subjunctive: -e-
:Imperfect: -ala-
Preterit Ending Set:
:Preterit: -i-
'''Personal Endings''':
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | Present
| rowspan=4 |
! colspan=2 | Preterit
|
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1st
| -
| -ne
| -i
| -imen
|-
! 2nd
| -s
| -ts
| -
|-
! 3rd
| -t
| -st
|}
|}

Revision as of 18:54, 2 October 2017

Phonology & Orthography

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal ⟨ m ⟩
/ m / 		⟨ n ⟩
/ n / 		⟨ ng ⟩
/ ŋ /
Plosive ⟨ p ⟩
/ p / 		⟨ b ⟩
/ b / 		⟨ t ⟩
/ t / 		⟨ d ⟩
/ d / 		⟨ k ⟩
/ k / 		⟨ g ⟩
/ g /
Affricate ⟨ tx ⟩
/ tʃ / 		⟨ dj ⟩
/ dʒ /
Fricative ⟨ f ⟩
/ f / 		⟨ v ⟩
/ v / 		⟨ þ ⟩
/ θ / 		⟨ ð ⟩
/ ð / 		⟨ s ⟩
/ s / 		⟨ z ⟩
/ z / 		⟨ x ⟩
/ ʃ / 		⟨ j ⟩
/ ʒ / 		⟨   ⟩
/ x / 		⟨ h ⟩
/ h /
Approximant ⟨ l ⟩
/ l / 		⟨ ȝ ⟩
/ j / 		⟨   ⟩
/ ʍ / 		⟨ w ⟩
/ w /
Trill ⟨ r ⟩
/ r /
Lateral Fricative ⟨ ɬ ⟩
/ ɬ /

Vowels

Front Back
High ⟨ i ⟩
/ i / 		⟨ ü ⟩
/ y / 		⟨ u ⟩
/ u /
Mid ⟨ e ⟩
/ e / 		⟨ ö ⟩
/ ø / 		⟨ o ⟩
/ o /
Low ⟨ æ ⟩
/ æ / 		⟨ a ⟩
/ ɑ /

[y] and [ø] are allophones of /u/ and /o/, respectively, occurring in complementary distribution with [u] and [o].

There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.

Changes from Middle Praeta

1st Declension nouns whose stems ended / w / in Middle Præta acquired a u-mutation, lost the / w / and shifted into the 2nd Declension in New Præta.

e.g. MP. magwъ, magwis "child" => NP. mog, mogos "child"

Preterit suffix -u- + Preterit personal endings in Middle Præta has become a u-mutation + Preterit personal endings in New Præta.

e.g. MP. haziwi "I praised" => NP. hozei [hozy- + -i] "I praised" versus hazia "I praise"

Verbal morphology collapsed down from multiple conjugations into a single paradigm based on the increasingly productive -a- or weak conjugation.

Loss of vowel harmony in inflectional and derivational suffixes.

Nominal Morphology

The underlying morphophoneme ъ is realized differently according to different stem endings:

  • / j /- + -/ ъ / => / i /
  • / w /- + -/ ъ /# => /  /
  • / l /- + -/ ъ /# => / e /
  • / r /- + -/ ъ /# => / e /
  • C/ ъ /C => C/ a /C
  • otherwise -/ ъ /# ==> -/  /

1st Declension

Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -is. If the stem ends in a vowel, the Vocative has the same form as the Nominative and Accusative, and the vowel is dropped in the plural.

Animate Inanimate
Underlying "Sovereign"
kaȝsar- 		"Shepherd"
airdj- 		"speech"
præta- 		Underlying "might"
alf- 		"cliff"
nasj-
Vocative -e kaȝsare airdje præta -ъ alf nasi
Nominative -ъ kaȝsar airdi
Accusative
Genitive -is kaȝsaris airdis prætais -is alfis nasis
Dative -i kaȝsari airdi prætai -i alfi nasi
 
Nominative -ъs kaȝsaras airdjas prætas -a alfa nasja
Accusative
Genitive -on kaȝsaron airdjon præton -on alfon nasjon
Dative -ъm kaȝsaram airdim prætam -ъm alfam nasim

2nd Declension

Animate Genders only. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -os.

Animate
Underlying "mango"
gollet- 		"child"
magw-/mog-
Vocative -ъ gollet mag/mog
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive -os golletos magus/mogos
Dative -u golletu magu/mogu
Nominative -ъs golletas magus/mogas
Accusative
Genitive -on golleton magun/mogon
Dative -ъm golletam magum/mogam

3rd Declension

Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -in.

Animate Inanimate
Underlying "worm"
maþ- 		Underlying "eye"
og-
Vocative -a maþa -a oga
Nominative
Accusative -ъn maþan


Genitive -in maþin -in ogin
Dative -in maþin -in ogin
Nominative -ъn maþan -ъn ogan
Accusative
Genitive -on maþon -on ogon
Dative -ъm maþam -ъm ogam

Verbal Morphology

Infinitive: -ar

Divided according to ending set.

Present Ending Set:

Present: -a-
Subjunctive: -e-
Imperfect: -ala-

Preterit Ending Set:

Preterit: -i-

Personal Endings:

Present Preterit
Singular Plural
1st - -ne -i -imen
2nd -s -ts -
3rd -t -st
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