Talk:Shirerothian language: Difference between revisions
From ShireWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
| Line 150: | Line 150: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Underlying | ! Underlying | ||
! " | ! "Sovereign"<br />kaȝsar- | ||
! "Shepherd"<br />airdj- | ! "Shepherd"<br />airdj- | ||
! "speech"<br />præta- | ! "speech"<br />præta- | ||
| Line 160: | Line 160: | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
! -e | ! -e | ||
| | | kaȝsare | ||
| airdje | | airdje | ||
| rowspan=3 | præta | | rowspan=3 | præta | ||
| Line 170: | Line 170: | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
! rowspan=2 | -ъ | ! rowspan=2 | -ъ | ||
| rowspan=2 | | | rowspan=2 | kaȝsar | ||
| rowspan=2 | airdi | | rowspan=2 | airdi | ||
| Line 179: | Line 179: | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
! -is | ! -is | ||
| | | kaȝsaris | ||
| airdis | | airdis | ||
| prætais | | prætais | ||
| Line 189: | Line 189: | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
! -i | ! -i | ||
| | | kaȝsari | ||
| airdi | | airdi | ||
| prætai | | prætai | ||
| Line 202: | Line 202: | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
! rowspan=2 | -ъs | ! rowspan=2 | -ъs | ||
| rowspan=2 | | | rowspan=2 | kaȝsaras | ||
| rowspan=2 | airdjas | | rowspan=2 | airdjas | ||
| rowspan=2 | prætas | | rowspan=2 | prætas | ||
| Line 215: | Line 215: | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
! -on | ! -on | ||
| | | kaȝsaron | ||
| airdjon | | airdjon | ||
| præton | | præton | ||
| Line 225: | Line 225: | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
! -ъm | ! -ъm | ||
| | | kaȝsaram | ||
| airdim | | airdim | ||
| prætam | | prætam | ||
Revision as of 06:00, 2 October 2017
Phonology & Orthography
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | ⟨ m ⟩ / m / |
⟨ n ⟩ / n / |
⟨ ng ⟩ / ŋ / |
|||||||||||||
| Plosive | ⟨ p ⟩ / p / |
⟨ b ⟩ / b / |
⟨ t ⟩ / t / |
⟨ d ⟩ / d / |
⟨ k ⟩ / k / |
⟨ g ⟩ / g / |
||||||||||
| Affricate | ⟨ tx ⟩ / tʃ / |
⟨ dj ⟩ / dʒ / |
||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ⟨ f ⟩ / f / |
⟨ v ⟩ / v / |
⟨ þ ⟩ / θ / |
⟨ ð ⟩ / ð / |
⟨ s ⟩ / s / |
⟨ z ⟩ / z / |
⟨ x ⟩ / ʃ / |
⟨ j ⟩ / ʒ / |
⟨ ⟩ / x / |
⟨ h ⟩ / h / | ||||||
| Approximant | ⟨ l ⟩ / l / |
⟨ ȝ ⟩ / j / |
⟨ ⟩ / ʍ / |
⟨ w ⟩ / w / |
||||||||||||
| Trill | ⟨ r ⟩ / r / |
|||||||||||||||
| Lateral Fricative | ⟨ ɬ ⟩ / ɬ / |
|||||||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ⟨ i ⟩ / i / |
⟨ ü ⟩ / y / |
⟨ u ⟩ / u / |
| Mid | ⟨ e ⟩ / e / |
⟨ ö ⟩ / ø / |
⟨ o ⟩ / o / |
| Low | ⟨ æ ⟩ / æ / |
⟨ a ⟩ / ɑ / | |
[y] and [ø] are allophones of /u/ and /o/, respectively, occurring in complementary distribution with [u] and [o].
There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.
Nominal Morphology
The underlying morphophoneme ъ is realized differently according to different stem endings:
- [y] + -ъ => -i
- [w] + -ъ# => -[]
- [l] + -ъ => -e
- [r] + -ъ => -e
- -ъC => -aC
- otherwise -ъ ==> -[]
Stems ending in [w] will mutate the endings as follows:
- [w] + -o => -u
- [w] + -u => -u
- [w] + -ъC => -uC
1st Declension
Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -is. If the stem ends in a vowel, the Vocative has the same form as the Nominative and Accusative, and the vowel is dropped in the plural.
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "Sovereign" kaȝsar- |
"Shepherd" airdj- |
"speech" præta- |
Underlying | "might" alf- |
"cliff" nasj- | |||
| Vocative | -e | kaȝsare | airdje | præta | -ъ | alf | nasi | ||
| Nominative | -ъ | kaȝsar | airdi | ||||||
| Accusative | |||||||||
| Genitive | -is | kaȝsaris | airdis | prætais | -is | alfis | nasis | ||
| Dative | -i | kaȝsari | airdi | prætai | -i | alfi | nasi | ||
| Nominative | -ъs | kaȝsaras | airdjas | prætas | -a | alfa | nasja | ||
| Accusative | |||||||||
| Genitive | -on | kaȝsaron | airdjon | præton | -on | alfon | nasjon | ||
| Dative | -ъm | kaȝsaram | airdim | prætam | -ъm | alfam | nasim | ||
2nd Declension
Animate Genders only. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -os.
| Animate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "mango" gollet- |
"child" magw- | ||
| Vocative | -ъ | gollet | mag | |
| Nominative | ||||
| Accusative | ||||
| Genitive | -os | golletos | magus | |
| Dative | -u | golletu | magu | |
| Nominative | -ъs | golletas | magus | |
| Accusative | ||||
| Genitive | -on | golleton | magun | |
| Dative | -ъm | golletam | magum | |
3rd Declension
Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -in.
| Animate | Inanimate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | Underlying | "eye" og- | ||||||
| Vocative | -a | -a | oga | |||||
| Nominative | ||||||||
| Accusative | -ъn |
| ||||||
| Genitive | -in | -in | ogin | |||||
| Dative | -i | -i | ogin | |||||
| Nominative | -ъn | -ъn | ogan | |||||
| Accusative | ||||||||
| Genitive | -on | -on | ogon | |||||
| Dative | -ъm | -ъm | ogam | |||||
