Talk:Shirerothian language: Difference between revisions
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The underlying morphophoneme '''''ъ''''' is realized differently according to different stem endings: | The underlying morphophoneme '''''ъ''''' is realized differently according to different stem endings: | ||
* [y] + -ъ => -i | * [y] + -ъ => -i | ||
* [w] + -ъ => - | * [w] + -ъ# => -[] | ||
* [l] + -ъ => -e | * [l] + -ъ => -e | ||
* [r] + -ъ => -e | * [r] + -ъ => -e | ||
* -ъ''C'' => -a''C'' | * -ъ''C'' => -a''C'' | ||
* otherwise -ъ ==> - | * otherwise -ъ ==> -[] | ||
Stems ending in [w] will mutate the endings as follows: | |||
* [w] + -o => -u | |||
* [w] + -u => -u | |||
* [w] + -ъ''C'' => -u''C'' | |||
===1st Declension=== | ===1st Declension=== | ||
| Line 147: | Line 152: | ||
! "Bread"<br />laib- | ! "Bread"<br />laib- | ||
! "Shepherd"<br />airdj- | ! "Shepherd"<br />airdj- | ||
! "speech"<br />præta- | ! "speech"<br />præta- | ||
! Underlying | ! Underlying | ||
| Line 158: | Line 162: | ||
| laibe | | laibe | ||
| airdje | | airdje | ||
| rowspan=3 | præta | | rowspan=3 | præta | ||
! rowspan=3 | -ъ | ! rowspan=3 | -ъ | ||
| Line 169: | Line 172: | ||
| rowspan=2 | laib | | rowspan=2 | laib | ||
| rowspan=2 | airdi | | rowspan=2 | airdi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 179: | Line 181: | ||
| laibis | | laibis | ||
| airdis | | airdis | ||
| prætais | | prætais | ||
! -is | ! -is | ||
| Line 190: | Line 191: | ||
| laibi | | laibi | ||
| airdi | | airdi | ||
| prætai | | prætai | ||
! -i | ! -i | ||
| Line 204: | Line 204: | ||
| rowspan=2 | laibas | | rowspan=2 | laibas | ||
| rowspan=2 | airdjas | | rowspan=2 | airdjas | ||
| rowspan=2 | prætas | | rowspan=2 | prætas | ||
! rowspan=2 | -a | ! rowspan=2 | -a | ||
| Line 218: | Line 217: | ||
| laibon | | laibon | ||
| airdjon | | airdjon | ||
| præton | | præton | ||
! -on | ! -on | ||
| Line 229: | Line 227: | ||
| laibam | | laibam | ||
| airdim | | airdim | ||
| prætam | | prætam | ||
! -ъm | ! -ъm | ||
| Line 247: | Line 244: | ||
! Underlying | ! Underlying | ||
! "mango"<br />gollet- | ! "mango"<br />gollet- | ||
! "child"<br />magw- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 252: | Line 250: | ||
! rowspan=3 | -ъ | ! rowspan=3 | -ъ | ||
| rowspan=3 | gollet | | rowspan=3 | gollet | ||
| rowspan=3 | mag | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 263: | Line 262: | ||
! -os | ! -os | ||
| golletos | | golletos | ||
| magus | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 268: | Line 268: | ||
! -u | ! -u | ||
| golletu | | golletu | ||
| magu | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 276: | Line 277: | ||
! rowspan=2 | -ъs | ! rowspan=2 | -ъs | ||
| rowspan=2 | golletas | | rowspan=2 | golletas | ||
| rowspan=2 | magus | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 284: | Line 286: | ||
! -on | ! -on | ||
| golleton | | golleton | ||
| magun | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 289: | Line 292: | ||
! -ъm | ! -ъm | ||
| golletam | | golletam | ||
| magum | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 05:45, 2 October 2017
Phonology & Orthography
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | ⟨ m ⟩ / m / |
⟨ n ⟩ / n / |
⟨ ng ⟩ / ŋ / |
|||||||||||||
| Plosive | ⟨ p ⟩ / p / |
⟨ b ⟩ / b / |
⟨ t ⟩ / t / |
⟨ d ⟩ / d / |
⟨ k ⟩ / k / |
⟨ g ⟩ / g / |
||||||||||
| Affricate | ⟨ tx ⟩ / tʃ / |
⟨ dj ⟩ / dʒ / |
||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ⟨ f ⟩ / f / |
⟨ v ⟩ / v / |
⟨ þ ⟩ / θ / |
⟨ ð ⟩ / ð / |
⟨ s ⟩ / s / |
⟨ z ⟩ / z / |
⟨ x ⟩ / ʃ / |
⟨ j ⟩ / ʒ / |
⟨ ⟩ / x / |
⟨ h ⟩ / h / | ||||||
| Approximant | ⟨ l ⟩ / l / |
⟨ ȝ ⟩ / j / |
⟨ ⟩ / ʍ / |
⟨ w ⟩ / w / |
||||||||||||
| Trill | ⟨ r ⟩ / r / |
|||||||||||||||
| Lateral Fricative | ⟨ ɬ ⟩ / ɬ / |
|||||||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ⟨ i ⟩ / i / |
⟨ ü ⟩ / y / |
⟨ u ⟩ / u / |
| Mid | ⟨ e ⟩ / e / |
⟨ ö ⟩ / ø / |
⟨ o ⟩ / o / |
| Low | ⟨ æ ⟩ / æ / |
⟨ a ⟩ / ɑ / | |
[y] and [ø] are allophones of /u/ and /o/, respectively, occurring in complementary distribution with [u] and [o].
There are five diphthongs: [æj], [æw], [iw], [oj], and [øj]. They are best analyzed phonemically as /Vj/ rather than /Vɪ̯/.
Nominal Morphology
The underlying morphophoneme ъ is realized differently according to different stem endings:
- [y] + -ъ => -i
- [w] + -ъ# => -[]
- [l] + -ъ => -e
- [r] + -ъ => -e
- -ъC => -aC
- otherwise -ъ ==> -[]
Stems ending in [w] will mutate the endings as follows:
- [w] + -o => -u
- [w] + -u => -u
- [w] + -ъC => -uC
1st Declension
Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -is. If the stem ends in a vowel, the Vocative has the same form as the Nominative and Accusative, and the vowel is dropped in the plural.
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "Bread" laib- |
"Shepherd" airdj- |
"speech" præta- |
Underlying | "might" alf- |
"cliff" nasj- | |||
| Vocative | -e | laibe | airdje | præta | -ъ | alf | nasi | ||
| Nominative | -ъ | laib | airdi | ||||||
| Accusative | |||||||||
| Genitive | -is | laibis | airdis | prætais | -is | alfis | nasis | ||
| Dative | -i | laibi | airdi | prætai | -i | alfi | nasi | ||
| Nominative | -ъs | laibas | airdjas | prætas | -a | alfa | nasja | ||
| Accusative | |||||||||
| Genitive | -on | laibon | airdjon | præton | -on | alfon | nasjon | ||
| Dative | -ъm | laibam | airdim | prætam | -ъm | alfam | nasim | ||
2nd Declension
Animate Genders only. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -os.
| Animate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | "mango" gollet- |
"child" magw- | ||
| Vocative | -ъ | gollet | mag | |
| Nominative | ||||
| Accusative | ||||
| Genitive | -os | golletos | magus | |
| Dative | -u | golletu | magu | |
| Nominative | -ъs | golletas | magus | |
| Accusative | ||||
| Genitive | -on | golleton | magun | |
| Dative | -ъm | golletam | magum | |
3rd Declension
Animate and Inanimate Genders. Distinguished by Genitive Singular as -in.
| Animate | Inanimate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying | Underlying | "eye" og- | ||||||
| Vocative | -a | -a | oga | |||||
| Nominative | ||||||||
| Accusative | -ъn |
| ||||||
| Genitive | -in | -in | ogin | |||||
| Dative | -i | -i | ogin | |||||
| Nominative | -ъn | -ъn | ogan | |||||
| Accusative | ||||||||
| Genitive | -on | -on | ogon | |||||
| Dative | -ъm | -ъm | ogam | |||||
