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https://shireroth.org/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Maksym 2026-10-22T20:05:46Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.39.10 https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Brookshire_hamlet_tube.png&diff=7168 2009-01-03T03:10:35Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Brookshire_Hamlet_Mappahe-_final.png&diff=7167 2009-01-03T02:23:44Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Lywind&diff=7166 2009-01-02T02:54:54Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{subdivision |<br /> image_flag = Lywind_flag.PNG|<br /> subdivision = County of Lywind, K'Tzuni, Brookshire |<br /> status = County |<br /> capital = Lyhigh |<br /> largecity = None |<br /> title = Count of Lywind |<br /> government = Fedual |<br /> leader = None at time of writing|<br /> language = English, Lywind English and [[Laqi]] spoken in East|<br /> religion = [[Cedrism]] |<br /> }}<br /> <br /> =====County Arms=====<br /> <br /> [[Image:Lywind_coa.PNG]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =====Geography=====<br /> <br /> Geographically, Lywind is simply a vast plain extending along a fertile coastal region- like many counties of the Khaz Seaboard, Lywind produces a bounty of crops- especially barley, hops, wheat, and corn. <br /> Lywind is something of an oddity among Shirereithan counties, as it was never fully developed until relatively recently, unlike many other regions of the so-called ‘home counties’ of [[Brookshire]]. It is one of the constituent counties of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]<br /> Unlike its neighbouring counties of [[Thanatos]] and [[Modan-lach]], Lywind never fully developed a culture of its own, instead serving as a resource base for larger armies and empires, whilst the Lywinders themselves maintained a relatively agrarian society with a dwindling population.<br /> Even today, Lywind is still a hugely sparsely populated area, and although not remote, the Lywinders rarely make a point of straying beyond their county’s borders. Lywind as a county contains relatively few towns of notable size, the only substantial one being Lyhigh (also the county town), so called due to it being located on the only hill of any notable size within the large plains of Lywind. The area is mentioned as ''Lywind Dale'' in the [[Ages of Shireroth: Volume III]].<br /> <br /> =====Map=====<br /> <br /> [[Image:Lywind_Map.png]]<br /> <br /> =====Culture=====<br /> <br /> The culture of the Lywinders is a simple one- their language was wiped out centuries ago, and the last Lywinder to speak the local language died under the reign of Kaiser Aleijan II, though the Lywinder accent is still very strong with many local words still retained- a source of mocking from other Shirereithans.&lt;br&gt;<br /> However, what Lywind does possess is a vibrant artistic community as of late, and the more wealthy Lywinders who have since moved to Shirekeep have become moderately successful poets, sculptors, actors, and playwrights. Many say that it is probably the thoroughly monotonous scenery of the county which inspired these more outgoing locals to need to convey their county’s bleakness with the world through the medium of art.&lt;br&gt;<br /> Lywind’s flag is a chequered brown and red, shown to represent the fertile soils and wheat which make the Lywinders comfortable and rich, and the red representing the evil forces of nature which ravage the little county. It was also the battle banner of the Lywinder leader Lyssanson, who managed to forge a moderately successful Lywinder Kingdom in these lands during late antiquity. The county arms also derive from his ancestral clan’s arms. Lywinders comemmorate Lyssanson on July 1, when he was defeated and killed at Lygovsk just seven years after founding his Kingdom. <br /> Descendants of Lyssanson are obliged to add the prefix ''Ly'' to their first name and ‘Sanson’ to the end of their last. Therefore, if a Thomas Jones was the descendant of the county hero, he would be called by the locals ''Lythomas Jonessanson''. &lt;br&gt;<br /> To the East near the Lach-Modanian border, the majority of people are Laqi by ethnicity and use the large plains to their advantage to practice their skills as horsemen. To the great annoyance of the Lywinders, the Laqi call this area ‘Western Lach’ in common parlance with eachother. <br /> The actual Lywinder population is only around 70% of the county’s tiny population, who mainly live in rural settlements dotted around the plains. Traditional Lywinder architecture is perhaps what sets this county apart from any other in Shireroth, as to the unwary Lywinder towns simply appear to be vast circles of brick. This is due to the high speed winds which rush across the steppe from the sea to the South, giving the county its name of ‘Lywind’, literally meaning ‘mighty wind’. Thus, the Lywinders walled their cities with vast barricades of stone to keep the wind out. Therefore, there is no room to build out of the walls so many of the oldest city houses can be as high as seven floors; this of course meant that the walls had to be built higher to protect the houses from the fierce storms, giving the towns their current appearance. &lt;br&gt;<br /> The local staple diet is delicious crusty wholewheat bread filled with melted cheese and olives, which are grown near the coast of the county. This delicacy, known as ''Lywinderbrot'' has taken Shireroth by storm sold as a sausage sandwich garnished with a strange kind of local mustard, the contents of which most Lywinders do not claim to know. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Counties]]<br /> [[Category:brookshire]]<br /> [[category:K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Lywind_Map.png&diff=7165 2009-01-02T02:53:52Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Modan-lach&diff=7147 2008-12-30T00:02:20Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{subdivision |<br /> image_flag = ModanLachFlag.png |<br /> subdivision = Modan-Lach ''(Moudanlaҳ)'' |<br /> status = County |<br /> capital = Brookshire Hamlet |<br /> largecity = Eriksburg, Raynor Point |<br /> title = Count of Modan-Lach |<br /> government = Fedual, Dictatorship |<br /> leader = [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]]|<br /> language = English, [[Laqi]] |<br /> religion = [[Cedrism]], Buddhist, Matbaic Orthodox &amp; Jewish Minorities |<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==County Arms==<br /> <br /> [[Image:Modan-Lach_Coa.png]]<br /> <br /> ==Introduction==<br /> <br /> 'Behold Modan Lach!<br /> The Land of Fences and Gates! <br /> <br /> The Land of Giant Sea Serpents! <br /> <br /> The Land of the Freemen of the seas!'<br /> <br /> ''Jon Wolvin I, 1st Count of Modan Lach''<br /> <br /> Modan-Lach is perhaps most famed for containing the capital of [[Brookshire]] and the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]], Brookshire Hamlet. A subdivision of Brookshire, Modan-Lach is located in Southern Benacia, bordering the counties of [[Alexandretta]], [[lywind]], Crestfall Downs, and the Holy Lands of Shireroth (Naudia'Diva).<br /> <br /> Consisting of mainly low-lying coastal land with flat topped hills in the South, the County contains an archipelago of islands and peninsula jutting into the Khaz Modan Gulf and Shire Sea. Thus, is is a nautical county with a large overseas trade business and shipbuilding industry.<br /> <br /> Traditionally the county has been divided by its natives into Upper Lach and Lower Lach. Though both Laqi regions of the county, Upper Lach is the more remote and mountainous area and much less industrialised.<br /> <br /> ==Map of Modan-Lach==<br /> <br /> [[Image:Modan_lach-map.png]]<br /> <br /> Please note that as an outdated version of the map, the surrounding counties do not belong to Kildare but to the Barony of [[Barony of K'Tzuni|K'Tzuni]], in [[Brookshire]]. This is an error which will be rectified in due course.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Modan-Lach as a county remained long dormant and relatively undeveloped until its first count, Jon Wolvin I, moved in and became the first Count of Modan-Lach in late August 2006, quickly stating that he wished to implement a culture similar to that of Frank Herbert's ''Dune'' books.<br /> Wolvin then attempted to initiate a Theocracy in the Raynor Islands, part of the County, but was stopped in his tracks by [[Greg Russell]], who declared him an Anti-Cedrist heretic.<br /> The rest of Wolvin's reign was relatively uneventful, and he became inactive as count around February 2007. <br /> Wolvin's legacy is perhaps the unofficial Modan-lach county saying:<br /> ''Let the dream of confusion lead you into the virgin light'' (its actual meaning still escapes most people save for Wolvin, who never explained it)<br /> In November 2007, Maksym Hadjimehmetov was proclaimed 2nd Count of Modan-Lach, a position he still holds at present.<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> <br /> Essentially, Modan-Lach’s culture is a unique one, containing elements of Earth’s Mongol and Caucasian cultures, its language including elements of Turkic, Basque, and Kartvelian languages. In this, Lach-Modanian rule has traditionally functioned in a feudal system led by the Count, known traditionally by a Laqi Countal name, which is bestowed on people the leadership of Lach-Modan deem worthy. For example, although the current count’s name is Maksym Hadjimehmetov, many Modanians would refer to him respectively as simply Maksymbattur.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> ''Map showing linguistic and demographic distribution in K'Tzuni'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Modan-Lach is mainly [[Laqi]], the culture comprising some 87% of the population, with the rest including other Shirereithan peoples such as Yardistani and Hyperborean. Small immigrant communities from other micronations also exist, as well as a Jewish community in Brookshire Hamlet. The Laqi people, to whom the county gives its name, were for many years very warlike but developed into an artisan culture some four hundred years ago, building magnificent temples and palaces all around the peninsula from which the culture derived. <br /> <br /> The name Modan-Lach is an amalgamation of Modan from the defunct Khaz Modanian Empire which once ruled these lands, and of the Laqi people who now inhabit it. Therefore, the actual inhabitants are referred to collectively as Modanians, irrespective of their individual culture, though the majority of people in the county are of Laqi ethnicity.<br /> <br /> Laqi music is very unique, and employs mainly a stringed instrument similar to a sitar called a ''nanaida''. Other popular instruments are the ''Xivruloj'' (pronounced ‘Chivrooloy’), and ''xaxuni'' (pronounced ‘Chachuni’), a smaller nanaida, similar to a Russian Balalaika, and a large tambourine respectively. Many of these instruments are used in traditional Laqi weddings, funerals, and festivals. Laqi music employs a style of singing known as Mskori, which is a lively, fast-tempo music thought of as very jovial and festive.<br /> <br /> Hence, Mskori is a very popular style of music and one of the main fames of Modan-Lach. Festivities such as Modanaarli (Modan-day) celebrate the Khaz-Modanian Empire and its achievements, and include fasting throughout the day followed by a huge all-night feast held in town squares with music, games and dancing. More popular in rural areas and perhaps one of the Laqis’ best known secrets is the autumn festival of ''Xivejde'' (pronounced ‘Chiveydeh’), which is essentially a sports festival- this includes horse archery and wrestling, as well as the usual vast Laqi feasts. During Xivejde, the local people compete for the title of local champion, who retains the title until the next festival the following year. It is not normal for people to be killed in these games, which can turn out to be quite violent. But as the Laqi say, if it’s a laugh, it’s all worth it in the end.<br /> <br /> The festival is usually held in a field outside the city or town, and people stay in traditional round tents- similar to yurts- to watch the three day games of the festival. Other Shirereithan and Cedrist festivals are observed in the normal manner, unless fasting is involved. <br /> The Laqi obsession with horses is something which makes them the fierce warriors they are. Almost every Laqi child is brought up to ride a horse from a very young age and the backbone of most Laqi militia has always been its strong cavalry regiments. Popular ornaments include highly decorative saddles- traditionally; the wealth of a man was measured by the beauty of his horse’s saddle. This later grew into the colourful carpets and pashminas sold in all the markets which originally derive from the mystic runes left over in the Khaz-Modanian ruins. Although the Laqi generally do believe that these ruins are haunted, many symbols which have become synonymous with the county were originally markings found on these ruins, such as the mysterious anchor-rune in the county’s coat of arms. This was originally found submerged in unidentified ruins off the Southern Modan-Lach coast.<br /> <br /> The last thing it is easy to be in Modan-Lach is vegetarian. The Laqi have an incredible capacity for meat and meaty dishes, beef and lamb being the favourites. Because Lach-Modan was always open to trade from other nations due to its locations, it was always on the Micran spice route and as a result many dishes are incredibly spicy. The staple crop is corn, and cornbread is eaten with most meals, along with a range of chutneys and jams. <br /> <br /> Breakfast, for example, would consist of bread with meats or cheese with olives and sometimes a dish of a spicy porridge with apple. The most substantial meal is eaten in the evening and it is not unusual for meals to go on past midnight. The county poison is ''Tөrvaj'' (pronounced ‘Törvay’), a kind of distilled ginger and apple cider flavoured of cinnamon and other spices. Similar to mulled wine or brandy, this is drunk in large quantities. The most popular non-alcoholic drink is buttered tea, similar to the tea drunk in Tibet or Nepal. It is highly spicy and thick, ‘broadening the horizons as well as the cholesterol count’, as a local saying goes.<br /> <br /> ==Upper Lach==<br /> <br /> Upper Lach is a heavily forested, fairly mountainous area where one may find some of the best surviving examples of traditional Laqi culture. It is also the poorest region of the county but contains some amazing sites and scenery for the visitor to enjoy on a holiday or simply day excursion from Brookshire Hamlet.<br /> As well as being a heavily wooded area, Upper Lach is also fairly underdeveloped and inaccessible, hence the poor quality roads and lack of railways. Rivers in the region almost indefinitely are too fast to be traversed by motor boat and so whilst providing excellent areas for white-water rafting, can also be very dangerous. It was only around fifty years ago when the local council managed to dam one of the rivers, so now all Upper Lach is served by hydroelectric power.<br /> The Laqi originated in the fertile valleys of this region, which can be so humid that tea and tobacco are often grown on their terraced slopes- small villages cling to the hillsides, and many unexplored Khaz-Modanian outposts are waiting to be excavated, providing very evocative archaeological sites.<br /> It is believed that the Laqi stayed in this area whilst the Khaz-Modanians developed their colonies and outposts to the South. Laqi manuscripts describe them as being ‘giants’, since they could not comprehend anyone able to build temples and other buildings to the scale that the Khaz-Modanians did. One of the only buildings believed to be of [[Tales from the Khaz Modan|Khaz-Modanian]] origin is the [[Yoni Temple Complex]].<br /> Since Upper-Lach is not actually a defined division of the county, the borders of where it begins and ends are fairly rough, but it is generally held that the rural mountainous area North of Brookshire Hamlet is Upper Lach. Some Laqi describe Eriksburg as being in the Upper Lach region, but this is very rarely the case. The only settlements of any substantial size in the area are Chiihab, Hiihab, Yoni, and Zanglore. Many of these quickly became garrison towns as the local Laqi tribes were subdued by the Imperial Republic’s forces. Because much of Upper Lach remains relatively uncharted, it is difficult to estimate the demographics of the area. There have been many reports of numerous tribes in the forest, some of which are very hostile to intruders. Their Laqi remains relatively archaic and some Laqi find it very difficult to understand their speech. Most in the villages and towns of Upper Lach will understand standardised [[Laqi]], however.<br /> Upper Lach is famed for its wildlife, flora and fauna. Though not a rainforest area, its humid climate does mean that a select number of tropical species can survive- thus leading to certain areas of the forest becoming celebrated County Parks. The most famous lies just between the two rivers which traverse Brookshire Hamlet- this area contains a stunning number of orchids and wild flowers, as well as some spectacular nesting birds of prey. Higher up in the mountains, condors and vultures can be found- vulture used to be a delicacy up until the species went nearly extinct until hunting of them was made illegal. <br /> <br /> ==Military of Modan-lach==<br /> <br /> Modan-Lach, being a coastal area, is of course very susceptible to a water-borne invasion and so the majority of its defences include patrol boats and several fortified barracks and airfields guarding the entrances to estuaries, rivers, and other strategic locations.<br /> Because the Laqi are traditionally a warrior people, they have often raised mercenary units during Shirereithan civil wars- some of these units still survive today, including the Brookshire Hamlet City Guard and the Upper Lach Cossacks. <br /> Cossacks were generally roving vigilante bands until they were brought under control when government forces destroyed the last rebel Cossack bands around fifty years ago. Nowadays, Laqi Cossacks are highly mobile and often serve as snipers and sharpshooters when not mounted on horseback. Because of their skill with rifles, many Laqi marksmen find themselves enrolled into the Imperial Republic’s army, which have found Modan-Lach a fertile recruiting ground for their forces.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Counties]]<br /> [[Category:brookshire]]<br /> [[category:K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7138 2008-12-29T17:12:37Z

<p>Maksym: /* Pronouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a [[Conlang]] spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =====Pronouns=====<br /> Laqi has eight personal pronouns:<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Personal pronouns<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Singular<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Plural<br /> |-<br /> !Laqi||English||Laqi||English<br /> |-<br /> |Nog||I||Mus||We<br /> |-<br /> |Tat||You ''(singular informal)''||Ta||You ''(plural informal)''<br /> |-<br /> |Tet||You ''(singular formal)''||Te||You ''(plural formal)''<br /> |-<br /> |Əl/Ələ,Əlo ||He/She/It||Əlar||They<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Conlangs]] [[Category: K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7137 2008-12-29T17:12:06Z

<p>Maksym: /* Pronouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a [[Conlang]] spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =====Pronouns=====<br /> Laqi has eight personal pronouns:<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Personal pronouns<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Singular<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Plural<br /> |-<br /> !Laqi||English||Laqi||English<br /> |-<br /> |Nog||I||Mus||We<br /> |-<br /> |Tat||You ''(singular informal)''||Ta||You ''(plural informal)''<br /> |-<br /> |Tet||You ''(singular formal)''||Te||You ''(plural formal)''<br /> |-<br /> |Əl/Ələ,Əlo ||He/She/It||Əlar||They<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Conlangs]] [[Category: K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7136 2008-12-29T17:11:10Z

<p>Maksym: /* Pronouns */</p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a [[Conlang]] spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =====Pronouns=====<br /> Laqi has eight personal pronouns:<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Personal pronouns<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Singular<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Plural<br /> |-<br /> !Laqi||English||Laqi||English<br /> |-<br /> |Nog||I||Mus||We<br /> |-<br /> |Tat||You ''(singular informal)''||Ta||You ''(plural informal)''<br /> |-<br /> |Tet||You ''(singular formal)''||Te)||You ''(plural formal)''<br /> |-<br /> |Əl/Ələ,Əlo ||He/She/It||Əlar||They<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Conlangs]] [[Category: K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7135 2008-12-29T17:05:13Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a [[Conlang]] spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =====Pronouns=====<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Conlangs]] [[Category: K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Benacian_Anglish&diff=7134 2008-12-29T16:58:31Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Benacia|Benacian]] Anglish is similar to English exept the vowels are pronounced differently:<br /> ==Pronounciation==<br /> a = ah<br /> e = eh<br /> i = ee<br /> o = oh<br /> u = oo<br /> y = ai<br /> <br /> ==Sample Sentences==<br /> <br /> Hurry up! = Hoorai oop!<br /> <br /> Hello,How are you? = Hehlloh,Hohw ahreh yoh'oo?<br /> <br /> What is your name? Whaht ees yoh'oor nahmeh?<br /> <br /> [[Category: lakhesis]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Benacian_Anglish&diff=7133 2008-12-29T16:58:16Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Benacia|Benacian]] Anglish is similar to English exept the vowels are pronounced differently:<br /> ==Pronounciation==<br /> a = ah<br /> e = eh<br /> i = ee<br /> o = oh<br /> u = oo<br /> y = ai<br /> <br /> ==Sample Sentences==<br /> <br /> Hurry up! = Hoorai oop!<br /> <br /> Hello,How are you? = Hehlloh,Hohw ahreh yoh'oo?<br /> <br /> What is your name? Whaht ees yoh'oor nahmeh?<br /> <br /> [[Category: Lakhesis]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=County_of_Benacia&diff=7132 2008-12-29T16:57:52Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{subdivision |<br /> image_flag = BENACIANFLAG.jpg |<br /> subdivision = County of Benacia |<br /> status = County |<br /> capital = Port Benacia |<br /> largecity = [[Port Benacia]] |<br /> title = Count |<br /> government = [[Feudal]] |<br /> leader = [[William Strauss]] |<br /> language = [[Lakhesian]], English,[[Benacian Anglish]] |<br /> religion = [[Cedrism]], Traditional beliefs |<br /> }}<br /> ==History==<br /> Benacia is named after the continent of which the bulk of Shireroth lies on. During its earlier ages it was part of the Khaz Modan Empire. Recent archaeological finds have shown that Benacia during the Khaz Modan age was the center of culture for the northernmost parts of the empire, and a holy city for the Cult of Ikol, god of Tranquility. This may be because of the county's many lush forests and clean, crystal clear springs and streams. Most of the early natives, the Flotillans, however, lived offshore and worshipped ancient gods who are now long forgotten. The Line of Mortis also set down roots on this lovely isle!<br /> <br /> ==Economy &amp; Culture==<br /> The Benacian economy is based mainly on fishing. As you can imagine, the Benacian diet consists mainly of fish. Many shrines and temples dot the shores that were once used by the native Flotillans when then came ashore to worship them go back to their ships for the rest of the year. These temples are major tourist attractions. Benacia is also known for it's beautiful Ikol and B'Caw temples.<br /> <br /> ==Map w/ Railway==<br /> [[Image:BenaciaMapwRailway.jpg]]<br /> <br /> [[category:county]]<br /> [[category:subdivision]]<br /> [[category:lakhesis]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Benacian_Anglish&diff=7131 2008-12-29T16:57:19Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Benacia|Benacian]] Anglish is similar to English exept the vowels are pronounced differently:<br /> ==Pronounciation==<br /> a = ah<br /> e = eh<br /> i = ee<br /> o = oh<br /> u = oo<br /> y = ai<br /> <br /> ==Sample Sentences==<br /> <br /> Hurry up! = Hoorai oop!<br /> <br /> Hello,How are you? = Hehlloh,Hohw ahreh yoh'oo?<br /> <br /> What is your name? Whaht ees yoh'oor nahmeh?<br /> <br /> [[Category: Benacia]]<br /> [[Category: Shirithan English Dialects]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Benacian_Anglish&diff=7130 2008-12-29T16:57:09Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Benacian|Benacia]] Anglish is similar to English exept the vowels are pronounced differently:<br /> ==Pronounciation==<br /> a = ah<br /> e = eh<br /> i = ee<br /> o = oh<br /> u = oo<br /> y = ai<br /> <br /> ==Sample Sentences==<br /> <br /> Hurry up! = Hoorai oop!<br /> <br /> Hello,How are you? = Hehlloh,Hohw ahreh yoh'oo?<br /> <br /> What is your name? Whaht ees yoh'oor nahmeh?<br /> <br /> [[Category: Benacia]]<br /> [[Category: Shirithan English Dialects]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Benacian_Anglish&diff=7129 2008-12-29T16:56:47Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Benacian Anglish is similar to English exept the vowels are pronounced differently:<br /> ==Pronounciation==<br /> a = ah<br /> e = eh<br /> i = ee<br /> o = oh<br /> u = oo<br /> y = ai<br /> <br /> ==Sample Sentences==<br /> <br /> Hurry up! = Hoorai oop!<br /> <br /> Hello,How are you? = Hehlloh,Hohw ahreh yoh'oo?<br /> <br /> What is your name? Whaht ees yoh'oor nahmeh?<br /> <br /> [[Category: Benacia]]<br /> [[Category: Shirithan English Dialects]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Lywind&diff=7128 2008-12-29T16:55:47Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{subdivision |<br /> image_flag = Lywind_flag.PNG|<br /> subdivision = County of Lywind, K'Tzuni, Brookshire |<br /> status = County |<br /> capital = Lyhigh |<br /> largecity = None |<br /> title = Count of Lywind |<br /> government = Fedual |<br /> leader = None at time of writing|<br /> language = English, Lywind English and [[Laqi]] spoken in East|<br /> religion = [[Cedrism]] |<br /> }}<br /> <br /> =====County Arms=====<br /> <br /> [[Image:Lywind_coa.PNG]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =====Geography=====<br /> <br /> Geographically, Lywind is simply a vast plain extending along a fertile coastal region- like many counties of the Khaz Seaboard, Lywind produces a bounty of crops- especially barley, hops, wheat, and corn. <br /> Lywind is something of an oddity among Shirereithan counties, as it was never fully developed until relatively recently, unlike many other regions of the so-called ‘home counties’ of [[Brookshire]]. It is one of the constituent counties of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]<br /> Unlike its neighbouring counties of [[Thanatos]] and [[Modan-lach]], Lywind never fully developed a culture of its own, instead serving as a resource base for larger armies and empires, whilst the Lywinders themselves maintained a relatively agrarian society with a dwindling population.<br /> Even today, Lywind is still a hugely sparsely populated area, and although not remote, the Lywinders rarely make a point of straying beyond their county’s borders. Lywind as a county contains relatively few towns of notable size, the only substantial one being Lyhigh (also the county town), so called due to it being located on the only hill of any notable size within the large plains of Lywind. The area is mentioned as ''Lywind Dale'' in the [[Ages of Shireroth: Volume III]].<br /> <br /> =====Culture=====<br /> <br /> The culture of the Lywinders is a simple one- their language was wiped out centuries ago, and the last Lywinder to speak the local language died under the reign of Kaiser Aleijan II, though the Lywinder accent is still very strong with many local words still retained- a source of mocking from other Shirereithans.&lt;br&gt;<br /> However, what Lywind does possess is a vibrant artistic community as of late, and the more wealthy Lywinders who have since moved to Shirekeep have become moderately successful poets, sculptors, actors, and playwrights. Many say that it is probably the thoroughly monotonous scenery of the county which inspired these more outgoing locals to need to convey their county’s bleakness with the world through the medium of art.&lt;br&gt;<br /> Lywind’s flag is a chequered brown and red, shown to represent the fertile soils and wheat which make the Lywinders comfortable and rich, and the red representing the evil forces of nature which ravage the little county. It was also the battle banner of the Lywinder leader Lyssanson, who managed to forge a moderately successful Lywinder Kingdom in these lands during late antiquity. The county arms also derive from his ancestral clan’s arms. Lywinders comemmorate Lyssanson on July 1, when he was defeated and killed at Lygovsk just seven years after founding his Kingdom. <br /> Descendants of Lyssanson are obliged to add the prefix ''Ly'' to their first name and ‘Sanson’ to the end of their last. Therefore, if a Thomas Jones was the descendant of the county hero, he would be called by the locals ''Lythomas Jonessanson''. &lt;br&gt;<br /> To the East near the Lach-Modanian border, the majority of people are Laqi by ethnicity and use the large plains to their advantage to practice their skills as horsemen. To the great annoyance of the Lywinders, the Laqi call this area ‘Western Lach’ in common parlance with eachother. <br /> The actual Lywinder population is only around 70% of the county’s tiny population, who mainly live in rural settlements dotted around the plains. Traditional Lywinder architecture is perhaps what sets this county apart from any other in Shireroth, as to the unwary Lywinder towns simply appear to be vast circles of brick. This is due to the high speed winds which rush across the steppe from the sea to the South, giving the county its name of ‘Lywind’, literally meaning ‘mighty wind’. Thus, the Lywinders walled their cities with vast barricades of stone to keep the wind out. Therefore, there is no room to build out of the walls so many of the oldest city houses can be as high as seven floors; this of course meant that the walls had to be built higher to protect the houses from the fierce storms, giving the towns their current appearance. &lt;br&gt;<br /> The local staple diet is delicious crusty wholewheat bread filled with melted cheese and olives, which are grown near the coast of the county. This delicacy, known as ''Lywinderbrot'' has taken Shireroth by storm sold as a sausage sandwich garnished with a strange kind of local mustard, the contents of which most Lywinders do not claim to know. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Counties]]<br /> [[Category:brookshire]]<br /> [[category:K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Lywind&diff=7127 2008-12-29T16:55:30Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{subdivision |<br /> image_flag = Lywind_flag.PNG|<br /> subdivision = County of Lywind, K'Tzuni, Brookshire |<br /> status = County |<br /> capital = Lyhigh |<br /> largecity = None |<br /> title = Count of Lywind |<br /> government = Fedual |<br /> leader = None at time of writing|<br /> language = English, Lywind English and [[Laqi]] spoken in East|<br /> religion = [[Cedrism]] |<br /> }}<br /> <br /> =====County Arms=====<br /> <br /> [[Image:Lywind_coa.PNG]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =====Geography=====<br /> <br /> Geographically, Lywind is simply a vast plain extending along a fertile coastal region- like many counties of the Khaz Seaboard, Lywind produces a bounty of crops- especially barley, hops, wheat, and corn. <br /> Lywind is something of an oddity among Shirereithan counties, as it was never fully developed until relatively recently, unlike many other regions of the so-called ‘home counties’ of [[Brookshire]]. It is one of the constituent counties of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]<br /> Unlike its neighbouring counties of [[Thanatos]] and [[Modan-lach]], Lywind never fully developed a culture of its own, instead serving as a resource base for larger armies and empires, whilst the Lywinders themselves maintained a relatively agrarian society with a dwindling population.<br /> Even today, Lywind is still a hugely sparsely populated area, and although not remote, the Lywinders rarely make a point of straying beyond their county’s borders. Lywind as a county contains relatively few towns of notable size, the only substantial one being Lyhigh (also the county town), so called due to it being located on the only hill of any notable size within the large plains of Lywind. The area is mentioned as ''Lywind Dale'' in the [[Ages of Shireroth: Volume III]]|<br /> <br /> =====Culture=====<br /> <br /> The culture of the Lywinders is a simple one- their language was wiped out centuries ago, and the last Lywinder to speak the local language died under the reign of Kaiser Aleijan II, though the Lywinder accent is still very strong with many local words still retained- a source of mocking from other Shirereithans.&lt;br&gt;<br /> However, what Lywind does possess is a vibrant artistic community as of late, and the more wealthy Lywinders who have since moved to Shirekeep have become moderately successful poets, sculptors, actors, and playwrights. Many say that it is probably the thoroughly monotonous scenery of the county which inspired these more outgoing locals to need to convey their county’s bleakness with the world through the medium of art.&lt;br&gt;<br /> Lywind’s flag is a chequered brown and red, shown to represent the fertile soils and wheat which make the Lywinders comfortable and rich, and the red representing the evil forces of nature which ravage the little county. It was also the battle banner of the Lywinder leader Lyssanson, who managed to forge a moderately successful Lywinder Kingdom in these lands during late antiquity. The county arms also derive from his ancestral clan’s arms. Lywinders comemmorate Lyssanson on July 1, when he was defeated and killed at Lygovsk just seven years after founding his Kingdom. <br /> Descendants of Lyssanson are obliged to add the prefix ''Ly'' to their first name and ‘Sanson’ to the end of their last. Therefore, if a Thomas Jones was the descendant of the county hero, he would be called by the locals ''Lythomas Jonessanson''. &lt;br&gt;<br /> To the East near the Lach-Modanian border, the majority of people are Laqi by ethnicity and use the large plains to their advantage to practice their skills as horsemen. To the great annoyance of the Lywinders, the Laqi call this area ‘Western Lach’ in common parlance with eachother. <br /> The actual Lywinder population is only around 70% of the county’s tiny population, who mainly live in rural settlements dotted around the plains. Traditional Lywinder architecture is perhaps what sets this county apart from any other in Shireroth, as to the unwary Lywinder towns simply appear to be vast circles of brick. This is due to the high speed winds which rush across the steppe from the sea to the South, giving the county its name of ‘Lywind’, literally meaning ‘mighty wind’. Thus, the Lywinders walled their cities with vast barricades of stone to keep the wind out. Therefore, there is no room to build out of the walls so many of the oldest city houses can be as high as seven floors; this of course meant that the walls had to be built higher to protect the houses from the fierce storms, giving the towns their current appearance. &lt;br&gt;<br /> The local staple diet is delicious crusty wholewheat bread filled with melted cheese and olives, which are grown near the coast of the county. This delicacy, known as ''Lywinderbrot'' has taken Shireroth by storm sold as a sausage sandwich garnished with a strange kind of local mustard, the contents of which most Lywinders do not claim to know. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Counties]]<br /> [[Category:brookshire]]<br /> [[category:K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Lywind&diff=7126 2008-12-29T16:54:48Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{subdivision |<br /> image_flag = Lywind_flag.PNG|<br /> subdivision = County of Lywind, K'Tzuni, Brookshire |<br /> status = County |<br /> capital = Lyhigh |<br /> largecity = None |<br /> title = Count of Lywind |<br /> government = Fedual |<br /> leader = None at time of writing|<br /> language = English, Lywind English and [[Laqi]] spoken in East|<br /> religion = [[Cedrism]] |<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===County Arms===<br /> <br /> [[Image:Lywind_coa.PNG]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Geography===<br /> <br /> Geographically, Lywind is simply a vast plain extending along a fertile coastal region- like many counties of the Khaz Seaboard, Lywind produces a bounty of crops- especially barley, hops, wheat, and corn. <br /> Lywind is something of an oddity among Shirereithan counties, as it was never fully developed until relatively recently, unlike many other regions of the so-called ‘home counties’ of [[Brookshire]]. It is one of the constituent counties of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]<br /> Unlike its neighbouring counties of [[Thanatos]] and [[Modan-lach]], Lywind never fully developed a culture of its own, instead serving as a resource base for larger armies and empires, whilst the Lywinders themselves maintained a relatively agrarian society with a dwindling population.<br /> Even today, Lywind is still a hugely sparsely populated area, and although not remote, the Lywinders rarely make a point of straying beyond their county’s borders. Lywind as a county contains relatively few towns of notable size, the only substantial one being Lyhigh (also the county town), so called due to it being located on the only hill of any notable size within the large plains of Lywind. The area is mentioned as ''Lywind Dale'' in the [[Ages of Shireroth: Volume III]]|<br /> <br /> ===Culture===<br /> <br /> The culture of the Lywinders is a simple one- their language was wiped out centuries ago, and the last Lywinder to speak the local language died under the reign of Kaiser Aleijan II, though the Lywinder accent is still very strong with many local words still retained- a source of mocking from other Shirereithans.&lt;br&gt;<br /> However, what Lywind does possess is a vibrant artistic community as of late, and the more wealthy Lywinders who have since moved to Shirekeep have become moderately successful poets, sculptors, actors, and playwrights. Many say that it is probably the thoroughly monotonous scenery of the county which inspired these more outgoing locals to need to convey their county’s bleakness with the world through the medium of art.&lt;br&gt;<br /> Lywind’s flag is a chequered brown and red, shown to represent the fertile soils and wheat which make the Lywinders comfortable and rich, and the red representing the evil forces of nature which ravage the little county. It was also the battle banner of the Lywinder leader Lyssanson, who managed to forge a moderately successful Lywinder Kingdom in these lands during late antiquity. The county arms also derive from his ancestral clan’s arms. Lywinders comemmorate Lyssanson on July 1, when he was defeated and killed at Lygovsk just seven years after founding his Kingdom. <br /> Descendants of Lyssanson are obliged to add the prefix ''Ly'' to their first name and ‘Sanson’ to the end of their last. Therefore, if a Thomas Jones was the descendant of the county hero, he would be called by the locals ''Lythomas Jonessanson''. &lt;br&gt;<br /> To the East near the Lach-Modanian border, the majority of people are Laqi by ethnicity and use the large plains to their advantage to practice their skills as horsemen. To the great annoyance of the Lywinders, the Laqi call this area ‘Western Lach’ in common parlance with eachother. <br /> The actual Lywinder population is only around 70% of the county’s tiny population, who mainly live in rural settlements dotted around the plains. Traditional Lywinder architecture is perhaps what sets this county apart from any other in Shireroth, as to the unwary Lywinder towns simply appear to be vast circles of brick. This is due to the high speed winds which rush across the steppe from the sea to the South, giving the county its name of ‘Lywind’, literally meaning ‘mighty wind’. Thus, the Lywinders walled their cities with vast barricades of stone to keep the wind out. Therefore, there is no room to build out of the walls so many of the oldest city houses can be as high as seven floors; this of course meant that the walls had to be built higher to protect the houses from the fierce storms, giving the towns their current appearance. &lt;br&gt;<br /> The local staple diet is delicious crusty wholewheat bread filled with melted cheese and olives, which are grown near the coast of the county. This delicacy, known as ''Lywinderbrot'' has taken Shireroth by storm sold as a sausage sandwich garnished with a strange kind of local mustard, the contents of which most Lywinders do not claim to know. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Counties]]<br /> [[Category:brookshire]]<br /> [[category:K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7125 2008-12-29T16:52:05Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a [[Conlang]] spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Conlangs]] [[Category: K'Tzuni]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Passikaans_language&diff=7124 2008-12-29T16:51:27Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Passikaans<br /> |nativename= ''Passikaans''<br /> |familycolor=green<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= South-Western Shireroth<br /> |speakers=1,875,000<br /> |family= Shiritho-Benacian languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[Thanatos]]<br /> |agency= Language Institute of the Highpasser Veldt }}<br /> <br /> '''Passikaans''' is a Shirerithian [[conlang]] of the Shiritho-Benacian family of languages. It evolved from the earlier [[Lishkan]], and is slightly influenced by [[Lakhesian]], but only subtly. It is spoken in [[Highpass]], and also in parts of [[Thanatos]]. Local legends say that the language was formed when people attempted to imitate the sound of Veldt grass blowing in the wind. Passikaans is a harsh-sounding language.<br /> <br /> == Orthography and Sounds ==<br /> '''Vowels'''<br /> <br /> a - as in c'''a'''t. '''IPA:''' æ &lt;br&gt;<br /> e - as in p'''e'''t. '''IPA:''' ɛ &lt;br&gt;<br /> i - as in k'''i'''t. '''IPA:''' ɪ &lt;br&gt;<br /> í - as in m'''ea'''t. '''IPA:''' iː &lt;br&gt;<br /> o - as in l'''o'''t. '''IPA:''' ɒ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ó - as in c'''augh'''t. '''IPA:''' ɔː &lt;br&gt;<br /> y - as in Uh? '''IPA:''' əː &lt;br&gt;<br /> ú - as in g'''oo'''se. '''IPA:''' uː &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> aa - long /a/ as in f'''a'''ther &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Consonants'''<br /> ''(Pronounced as in British English)''&lt;br&gt;<br /> b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w,&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> x - as in Scottish 'loch' &lt;br&gt;<br /> z - as in '''sh'''eep &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> dv - 'v' as in viola&lt;br&gt;<br /> dt - 't' as in transport&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> ===Sentence Structure===<br /> The grammar of Passikaans is ridiculously simple, but its simplicity can lead to ambiguity and awkward compound words. This explains the large number of awkward and ambiguous people in [[Highpass]].<br /> <br /> Sentences are usually '''Subject-Verb-Object'''. It is important that sentences maintain this order because there is no grammatical case for nouns.<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> Verbs in the dictionary are shown in the ''infinitive'', such as '''kraam''' (to go).<br /> <br /> Affixes are added to the end of verbs to change the tense. This is simple, as Passikaans has only 3 tenses (unlike the 13 in English which include such beasts as ''Present Perfect Progressive'').<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Past Tense (it has taken place), either 'ezem' or 'zem' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezem' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases ''''I went'''', ''''I have gone'''', ''''I was going'''' could all be rendered as '''Aai kraamzem'''. <br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Present tense (it is happening now/it happens regularly/it happens conditionally), the verb remains the same as it is found in the dictionary. So ''''I go'''' and ''''I am going'''' are rendered as ''''Aai kraam''''.<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Future tense (it will happen/it is going to happen), either 'zyk' or 'ezyk' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezyk' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases '''I will go''', and '''I am going' to go''' are rendered as '''Aai kraamzyk'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Information ==<br /> Passikaans was created by Oze McMahon. It is apparently based on Dutch and English.<br /> <br /> [[Category: Conlangs]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Passikaans_language&diff=7123 2008-12-29T16:51:11Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Passikaans<br /> |nativename= ''Passikaans''<br /> |familycolor=green<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= South-Western Shireroth<br /> |speakers=1,875,000<br /> |family= Shiritho-Benacian languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[Thanatos]]<br /> |agency= Language Institute of the Highpasser Veldt }}<br /> <br /> '''Passikaans''' is a Shirerithian [[conlang]] of the Shiritho-Benacian family of languages. It evolved from the earlier [[Lishkan]], and is slightly influenced by [[Lakhesian]], but only subtly. It is spoken in [[Highpass]], and also in parts of [[Thanatos]]. Local legends say that the language was formed when people attempted to imitate the sound of Veldt grass blowing in the wind. Passikaans is a harsh-sounding language.<br /> <br /> == Orthography and Sounds ==<br /> '''Vowels'''<br /> <br /> a - as in c'''a'''t. '''IPA:''' æ &lt;br&gt;<br /> e - as in p'''e'''t. '''IPA:''' ɛ &lt;br&gt;<br /> i - as in k'''i'''t. '''IPA:''' ɪ &lt;br&gt;<br /> í - as in m'''ea'''t. '''IPA:''' iː &lt;br&gt;<br /> o - as in l'''o'''t. '''IPA:''' ɒ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ó - as in c'''augh'''t. '''IPA:''' ɔː &lt;br&gt;<br /> y - as in Uh? '''IPA:''' əː &lt;br&gt;<br /> ú - as in g'''oo'''se. '''IPA:''' uː &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> aa - long /a/ as in f'''a'''ther &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Consonants'''<br /> ''(Pronounced as in British English)''&lt;br&gt;<br /> b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w,&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> x - as in Scottish 'loch' &lt;br&gt;<br /> z - as in '''sh'''eep &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> dv - 'v' as in viola&lt;br&gt;<br /> dt - 't' as in transport&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> ===Sentence Structure===<br /> The grammar of Passikaans is ridiculously simple, but its simplicity can lead to ambiguity and awkward compound words. This explains the large number of awkward and ambiguous people in [[Highpass]].<br /> <br /> Sentences are usually '''Subject-Verb-Object'''. It is important that sentences maintain this order because there is no grammatical case for nouns.<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> Verbs in the dictionary are shown in the ''infinitive'', such as '''kraam''' (to go).<br /> <br /> Affixes are added to the end of verbs to change the tense. This is simple, as Passikaans has only 3 tenses (unlike the 13 in English which include such beasts as ''Present Perfect Progressive'').<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Past Tense (it has taken place), either 'ezem' or 'zem' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezem' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases ''''I went'''', ''''I have gone'''', ''''I was going'''' could all be rendered as '''Aai kraamzem'''. <br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Present tense (it is happening now/it happens regularly/it happens conditionally), the verb remains the same as it is found in the dictionary. So ''''I go'''' and ''''I am going'''' are rendered as ''''Aai kraam''''.<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Future tense (it will happen/it is going to happen), either 'zyk' or 'ezyk' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezyk' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases '''I will go''', and '''I am going' to go''' are rendered as '''Aai kraamzyk'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Information ==<br /> Passikaans was created by Oze McMahon. It is apparently based on Dutch and English.<br /> <br /> [[Category: ConLangs]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Yardistani_language&diff=7122 2008-12-29T16:50:29Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Yardistani'''<br /> is the fictional native language of the people of [[Yardistan]]. In real life, it is actually a [[conlang]] developed by [[Gryphon Avocatio]].<br /> <br /> Yardistani is primarily based on Spanish vocabulary and grammar, but it's pronunciation and spelling are more based on Germanic languages. It also has several influences from English, Swedish, and Japanese. Before it was adopted for use in Micronations, Gryphon created the language to have a certain aesthetic value in his mind. Consequently,<br /> it looks rather peculiar. <br /> <br /> According to his fictional history for the language, Gryphon says that the language is derived from a trade pidgin, combining elements of a now-lost native language with Spanish and, to a lesser extent, Swedish from far-off traders. <br /> <br /> Also evolving from that long-lost language is [[Rantsilastani]], spoken in the territory of [[Rantsilastan]] in the south-east of the [[Isle of Yardistan]]. The only actual speaker of the language is [[Gryphon Avocatio]]. He has been working on the language intermittently for over eight years.<br /> <br /> This introduction is translated into Yardistani below.<br /> ----<br /> '''Iardîstato''' ne Idiomr nativix fiktix du Hêntrsa [[Yardistan|dIardista]]. Nja Vidr verdix, ljo ne aktualís Idiomr konxtrutejix kju ne formaj par [[Gryphon Avocatio|Grifon Avocatio]].<br /> <br /> Iardîstato ne basaj primís nja Vokablulari ce Gramatikr Spanjâtix, ye ljona Habašavegr cOrþaši ne basaj maís nja Idiômrsa Jermanix. Habe Influênsrsa multix dÂngloto, du Svêriyeto, ce du Nihonto. Antís du ljo neja adoptaj par Usr nja Micronâtrsa, Grifon creaja ljo Idiomr par habejj Valihr aasþetix xpesifix nje Mêntrlo. Konsegešís, apara<br /> peculiarix.<br /> <br /> Akordaši nja Hixtoraat fiktix du Idiomr, Grifon haba kju Idiomr ne derivajix du ''Pidjin'' du Komersr, kombinaši Elemêntrsa du Idiomrsa nativix hrís-perdix kjan Spanjâtix ce, njExtentr maís-menix, Svêriyeto<br /> af Komêrsamajsa du Landsa leyix. <br /> <br /> Tam evolveši af oya Idiomr perdix ne [[Rantsilastani|Rantsilâstato]], habaj nje Tera du [[Rantsilastan|Rantsilasta]] njOrd sordix du [[Isle of Yardistan|Islr du Iardista]]. Habamaj aktualix solix du Idiomr ne [[Gryphon Avocatio|Grifon Avocatio]]. Le habe nej scribaši ljo Idiomr par maís kju novi ânrsa.<br /> <br /> ==Yardistani Pronunciation==<br /> Yardistani is in some ways difficult to pronounce. There are a number of consonant sounds that occur in the language that sound very similar and that do not occur in the English language (including retroflex and palatal fricatives). There is also, in several cases, more than one way to spell several consonant sounds, but generally any group of letters can only be pronounced one way; for instance, the combination 'sk' and 'xk' are both pronounced [sk], and 'š' and 'sj' are both pronounced as [ʃ] (the 'sh' sound in English).<br /> <br /> Generally speaking, Yardistani vowels follow the conventions of a continental language, with some variation in precise quality based on stress and position in a word. The real exception to this is 'u' which can have three pronunciations with no distinction indicated in the orthography. For instance, in the word &lt;siu&gt; ''city'', it is pronounced [u] (as in English ''rude''); in 'su' and 'ku' ''yes'' and ''no'', it is pronounced [ʊ] (as in ''put''), and in 'du' ''of'', it is pronounced [ɨ] (think Californian ''dude!'').<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> ===Alphabets===<br /> The Yardistani Alphabet comprises 27 letters:<br /> <br /> A B C D E F G H I Í J K L M N O P R S Š T U V X Y Z Þ<br /> <br /> There are some variations on this; for instance, some dialects use 'æ' instead of 'aa' in words like 'hixtoraat/historæt', but this is very uncommon. In some older texts, 'š' is printed as 'ж' (an 'x' with a vertical bar through it), such that words like 'talaši' would instead be 'talaжi'. This convention has been abandoned, but can occasionally be seen in older texts. Also, it is not uncommon to see '-jj' handwritten as a single 'j' with an accute accent; however, no such character exists in Unicode.<br /> <br /> Circumflex accents are written over vowels to show stress when words do not follow the normal prosodic rules of the language. This can happen for a number of reasons: the word may have a different stress pattern phonemically, suffixes may have altered the number of syllables a word has, or the word is a loan. The letters I and Í are considered separate.<br /> <br /> The alphabet also lacks characters found in the English alphabet, namely 'Q' and 'W'. These letters do not occur in Yardistani. The language opts to adapt loan words to the native orthography. Thus, if names such as 'Enrique' and 'William' were to be loaned into the language, one would expect them to be spelt 'Enrike' and 'Uiljam' or 'Uiljamr'. Of course, as the latter is not loaned into the language, it would still be written as in English. Othe exceptions include scientific names, like 'W-bosonr'.<br /> <br /> Yardistani also has its own script, '''Yômato''' (lit. 'reading language'). It is derived heavily from Greek, though it has its own, purely Yardistani influence. A font is known to exist. [[image:iardia.png|thumb|right|A sign one might see at a Yardistani port or airport. It reads &quot;Welcome to Yardistan. If you have imports to declare, please go to the left.&quot;]]<br /> <br /> Yardistani can also be written in runes, which is most common in the north-east of the island.<br /> <br /> ===Spelling===<br /> Spelling in Yardistani can sometimes be anomalous, as mentioned above. Most letters have only one pronunciation. The ones that are pronounced vastly differently than they are in English are listed below:<br /> <br /> ====Consonants====<br /> *'''C'''<br /> **[tʃ], as the 'ch' in English 'chair'. This is '''always''' the pronunciations.<br /> *'''J'''<br /> **[ʒ], as the 'si' in 'fusion', but only at the beginning of words<br /> **[j], as the 'y' in 'yes', directly after or before consonants<br /> **[dʒ], as in the 'j' in 'judge' elsewhere.<br /> *'''R'''<br /> **This letter is the most complicated in the language. Some hard, fast rules are that it is always a flapped [ɾ] at the beginnings of words and between vowels, but at the end of words it can be more complex.<br /> *'''Š'''<br /> **[ʃ], as the 'sh' in Shireroth.<br /> *'''X'''<br /> **[z], as the 'x' in 'xerograph', at the beginnins of words<br /> **[s], like the 's' in 'start', before voiceless consonants (see below)<br /> **[ks], as the 'x' in 'fix', elsewhere.<br /> *'''Y'''<br /> **[ʝ]. There exists no equivalent sound in English. It can be approximated by making the vowel in the English word 'be' and pushing the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth until there is vibration. It sounds very similar to [j] and [ʒ] and should not be confused.<br /> *'''Þ'''<br /> **[θ], as the 'th' in 'thank', but '''never''' the 'th' in 'that'.<br /> <br /> ====Consonant Combinations====<br /> There are many orthographic consonant clusters in Yardistani that have less-than-obvious phonetic correspondences:<br /> <br /> *CJ - [ç], roughly the 'h' in an emphatic English 'huge'<br /> *DJ - [dʒ], usually only at the beginnings of words<br /> *GR - [ʀ], no English equivalent. Basically the 'r'-sound of French and some German dialects. <br /> *HR - [ʂ], no standard English equivalent. Produced by curling the tongue back slightly whilst making an 's'-sound<br /> *JJ - [ʒ]<br /> *KJ - [dʒ]<br /> *SJ - [ʃ]<br /> *ŠJ - [ʒ]<br /> *XK, XT, XP - These are the prefered ways of spelling the sounds [sk], [st], and [sp], respectively. 's' can generally be used in place of 'x'; for instance 'Hixtoraat' vs. 'Historaat' ''History''. However, some words are usually spelt with an 's', like 'Iardîstato' (compared with the less common 'Iardîxtato').<br /> <br /> ====Vowels====<br /> Vowels are virtually all pronounced differently than they are in most English dialects. The pronunciation guides given below are for General American English.<br /> <br /> * '''A'''<br /> ** [ɑ], as the 'o' in 'pot', when stressed and before 'r'<br /> ** [a] elsewhere, though it can reduce to [ə], especially at the ends of words.<br /> * '''E'''<br /> ** [e], as the 'a' in 'fate', before 'r' and word-finally (thought not in some short words like 'ne' and 'ye')<br /> ** [ɛ], as 'e' in 'met', elsewhere.<br /> *'''I''' <br /> ** [ɪ], as the 'i' in 'bit'<br /> ** [j], as the 'y' in 'yes', before vowels; <br /> ** [i], as the 'ee' in 'beet', word finally.<br /> *'''Í'''<br /> ** [i], as the 'ee' in 'beet'. '''Never''' [ɪ]<br /> *'''O''' <br /> ** [ɔ], as the 'au' in East-coast English 'caught'<br /> ** [o], as the 'oa' in 'boat', word-finally.<br /> *'''U'''<br /> ** [ʊ]<br /> ** [ɨ]<br /> ** [u]<br /> <br /> *'''AA''' <br /> ** [æ], as the 'a' in 'cat'.<br /> *'''AE''', '''AI''', '''AJ''' (before a consonant)<br /> **[aɪ], as the word 'I' in English. This is the only non-loned diphthong in the language.<br /> <br /> ==Phonology==<br /> There are a number of phonological processes at work in Yardistani. Some are described below.<br /> <br /> ===Consonant Phonemes===<br /> <br /> {| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> ! &amp;nbsp;<br /> ! Bilabial<br /> ! Labiodental<br /> ! Dental <br /> ! Alveolar <br /> ! Postalveolar<br /> ! Retroflex<br /> ! Palatal<br /> ! Velar<br /> ! Uvular<br /> ! Glottal<br /> |-<br /> ! Plosive<br /> | p b<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | t d<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | kg<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | ʔ<br /> |-<br /> ! Nasal<br /> | m<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | n<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> |-<br /> ! Trill<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | r<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | (ʀ)<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> |-<br /> ! Tap<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | (ɾ)<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> |-<br /> ! Fricative<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | f v<br /> | θ <br /> | s z<br /> | ʃ ʒ<br /> | ʂ<br /> | ç ʝ<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> |-<br /> ! Approximant<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | (ɹ)<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | j<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> |-<br /> ! Lateral<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | l<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | &amp;nbsp;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The sounds in brackets, [ɾ], [ɹ] and [ʀ], are likely all surface representations of the phoneme /r/. That means they are not phonemes themselves, but as they are quite common sounds in the language it is useful to show them in the distribution. The actual sound [r] only occurs as an emphatic variation of [ɾ].<br /> <br /> ===Vowels===<br /> Yardistani has nine vowel phonemes (that is, contrasting vowel sounds). There is a three-way height distinction at the phonemic level, as well as a tense/lax distinction for high vowels. It is unclear whether schwa (the mid-central vowel) is in fact phonemic. Likewise, the high back vowels, which show considerable variation, may be analysable in another manner.<br /> <br /> Note too that there are a number of allophones not shown here. As the pronunciation section above shows, many vowels have pronunciations that vary based on environment.<br /> <br /> [[image:vokalrsaiardix.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Phonological Rules===<br /> There are a number of rules that affect pronunciation of the languange.<br /> <br /> The vocalic phonemes /ɪ/ and /u/ become semivowels [j] and [w], respectively, before vowels.<br /> <br /> When /r/ directly precedes /s/ in a word, both segments become retroflex so that they are pronounced [ɻʂ].<br /> <br /> Word-finally, /r/ can devoice, becoming a voiceless trill [r˳]. Between two consonants, it becomes syllabic [ɹ].<br /> <br /> ==Syntax==<br /> Yardistani syntax is for the most part straightforward. It is left-headed, and most often sentences are in the Subject-Verb-Object ('''SVO''') order, just like English. However, Yardistani shows considerably more variation. Despite being undeclined, the language has relatively free word order, especially where pronouns are in use. The following two sentences are equivalent:<br /> <br /> *Je Di sabi.<br /> *Sabi Je Di<br /> *Je sabi Di.<br /> *Di sabi Je.<br /> <br /> All four mean &quot;I don't know you&quot;. They are SOV, VSO, SVO, an OSV, the last being rare. The free movement here is partially due to the fact that Yardistani personal pronouns have both nominative and oblique forms, thus making the subject and object of a verb discernable.<br /> <br /> Yardistani is also a PRO-drop language, meaning that the language does not require all of its sentences to have overt subjects. However, Yardistani verbs do not conjugate for person, so it is common not to drop subjects unless it is clearly understood:<br /> <br /> *Je kere vejj, ye podi. ''I want to go, but (I) cannot.''<br /> <br /> A few verbs, like 'dajj' (which in its subjectless instances translates as 'there is/are'), do not take subjects at all.<br /> <br /> *'''Da''' trivi Majnsa nje Mrki. '''''There are''''' ''three people in the house''.<br /> <br /> <br /> There are many other differences between Yardistani and English:<br /> <br /> *Adjectives must '''always''' follow nouns.<br /> **Tâlrsa '''grandix''' ne veneši. - '''''Big''' changes are coming.''<br /> <br /> *Prepositions cannot be stranded. <br /> **¿'''Nja''' Kye daja De oyo? - ''Whom did you give this '''to'''?'' (lit. '''''To''' whom''...)<br /> <br /> *Yardistani has a tendency towards what is called verb-second word order. This basically means that when there are adverbs in sentences, the verb likes to let the adverbs precede it and to let the subject come afterwards.<br /> **¡Hrís '''sabe''' Je! - ''Now I '''know'''!''<br /> <br /> ==Morphology==<br /> Morphologically, Yardistani is fairly simple. Independent morphemes (or words, for the sake of this discussion) generally take suffixes when they undergo morphological processes, though there are a handful of prefixes as well. The place where morphology is most important is in the conjugation of verbs, but now declension is equally important. Below is an overview of the most important processes in the language.<br /> <br /> ===Verb Conjugation===<br /> Verbs in Yardistani come in two classes, those ending in '-ajj' and those ending in '-ejj'. By and large, '-ajj' verbs are the more common. The conjugations of each of these verb types is normalized--there are no irregulars in the language.<br /> <br /> Yardistani verbs conjugate for tense and polarity (whether the sentence is affirmative or negative), and, in some cases, mood. Unlike many western languages, they do not conjugate for person or number. That means that for any given subject, be it 'John', 'We', or 'you', the verb form will be the same assuming the tense, the mood, and the polarity are not different.<br /> <br /> ====Indicative====<br /> Below are charts for the most common indicative verb forms in Yardistani. Used in each example are the verbs 'habajj' ''to speak'' and 'sabejj' ''to know''.<br /> <br /> {| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;<br /> ! Conjugation<br /> ! Positive<br /> ! Negative<br /> |-<br /> ! Infinitive<br /> | habajj<br /> | habôjj*<br /> |-<br /> ! Present<br /> | haba<br /> | habo<br /> |-<br /> ! Preterite<br /> | habaja<br /> | habajo<br /> |-<br /> ! Future<br /> | habaje<br /> | habaji<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;<br /> ! Conjugation<br /> ! Positive<br /> ! Negative<br /> |-<br /> ! Infinitive<br /> | sabejj<br /> | sabîjj*<br /> |-<br /> ! Present<br /> | sabe<br /> | sabi<br /> |-<br /> ! Preterite<br /> | sabeja<br /> | sabejo<br /> |-<br /> ! Future<br /> | sabeje<br /> | sabeji<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The negative infinitives are forms that only appear in the spoken language and are generally not found in writing. For instance, a person might say 'Je kere sabîjj' ''I don't want to know'' (or literally, ''I want to not know''), but in writing, it is considered more correct to write 'Je keri sabejj'.<br /> <br /> The indicative conjugations follow a regular pattern when it comes to polarity: those ending in 'a' or 'e' are positive, those ending in 'o' or 'i' are negative.<br /> <br /> There are other tenses as well. This includes the imperfect with the ending '-Vjja' for positive and '-Vjjo' for negative (where 'V' stands for either vowel 'a' or 'e'). Use of the tense is generally restricted to very formal speech and writing, and is usually replaced with the the preterite in informal registers. Even rarer is the habitual past (which is really a grammatical aspect and not a tense) indicated with '-Vša/o'. This only occurs in literary style and is quite archaic; for instance 'Le habaša kjan Mâtrlo kado Dihr' ''He spoke with his mother every day'' (implying he had done this for a long time and may still).<br /> <br /> Yardistani also has perfect variations of all of its tenses, formed with the verb 'tenejj' followed by the main verb in the past participle form; for instance, 'Le Ji tene habaj' ''She has spoken to me''.<br /> <br /> ====Imperative====<br /> Yardistani has two ways of expressing the imperative (that is, to give commands). The more formal way of doing so is with the particle 'kju' preceding the verb conjugated in the present indicative:<br /> <br /> *Kju habo kjan Ji. - ''Don't talk to me.''<br /> *Kju ayua Jôlosa. - ''Help your friends.''.<br /> <br /> The subject can sometimes be included to help differentiate between who is being commanded:<br /> <br /> *Kju De ve nja Tendr. - ''Go (you) to the store.''<br /> *Kju Jitesa ve nja Tendr. - ''Let's go to the store.''<br /> <br /> It's also not uncommon to use the imperative to express hopes or wishes about a subject who is not present, and to use it with stative verbs in certain contexts. For instance, a Yardistani speaker might say 'Kju Talr vene hrís' to mean ''I hope Talr comes now'' or ''May Talr come now'', though it might literally be translated as something like ''Come now, Talr''. Likewise, the imperative is sometimes used with verbs that can't normally be commanded; for instance, somebody might say to another 'Kju sabe Ângloto' (lit. ''Know English'') to indicate that they hope a person learns English successfully. These usages overlap in many ways with the subjunctive mood of other languages, but they are distinct in Yardistani. This is partially because the subjunctive is falling out of use and also because of certain syntactic limitations on the subjunctive itself (which will be discussed below).<br /> <br /> 'Kju' is not the only particle that can be used to indicate the imperative--'plaat' can also be used. Considered to be much more formal and polite, it is generally translated as ''please''; for instance, 'Plaat ayua Jôlosa' ''Please help your friends.''<br /> <br /> There is a much less formal way of forming an imperative in Yardistani, and that is by simply using the verb root. For instance, 'habajj' becomes '¡Hab!. In single syllable verbs, like 'vejj' ''to go'', the vowel is preposed, such that we get '¡'''Ev''' De nja Tendr' ''Go to the store!''. Commands of this type are almost always written with exclamation marks. These commands are also considered to be less respectful and even rude when used in certain contexts, but they also convey a sense of urgency. They do not conjugate for polarity, so the particle 'ku' (sometimes 'kuu'), meaning 'no', is inserted after the verb; for instance '¡Hab ku kjan Le!' ''Don't talk to her!''<br /> <br /> ====Subjunctive====<br /> The Yardistani subjunctive, like the imperfect and the habitual, is generally only seen in formal writing. It is used to indicate a state of affairs that is not or may not be the case. For instance:<br /> <br /> *Je kere kju Fjedr sabeju. - ''I don't want Fjedr to know''<br /> *Le'xpere kju habajr De kjan Talr. - ''She hopes that you speak with Talr''.<br /> <br /> Subjunctive conjugations are distinguishable by their endings--'aa' in place of 'a/e' for positives, and 'u' in place of 'o/i' for negatives. The forms are slightly different:<br /> <br /> {| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> ! Conjugation<br /> ! Positive<br /> ! Negative<br /> |-<br /> ! Present<br /> | -Vjr<br /> | -Vju<br /> |-<br /> ! Past<br /> | -Vcjr<br /> | -Vcju<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> The past subjunctive covers the preterite, imperfect, and habitual. There is no form for the future.<br /> <br /> ===Noun Morphology===<br /> Nouns in Yardistani do not undergo a great number of processes. There is no gender and there are no case distinctions except in the personal pronouns, discussed below.<br /> <br /> ====Nouns Derived from Verbs====<br /> Many nouns are derived directly from verbs, identifiable by their suffixes. For instance, compare these forms derived from the verb 'habajj' ''to speak'':<br /> <br /> * 'Habr' - speech in general, the concept of speaking<br /> ** Linguîxtamajsa pensa kju Habr ne interesantix. ''Linguists think that speech is interesting.''<br /> * 'Habo' - Something spoken, a speech or address<br /> ** Je sabe Hâbolo. ''I know what he said.'' (lit. ''I know his speech.'')<br /> * 'Hâbamaj' - A speaker, somebody who is/was speaking<br /> ** Je gustaja Hâbamaj. ''I liked the speaker''<br /> <br /> ====Plural and Possessive Suffixes====<br /> Yardistani marks plurals by attaching the suffix '-sa' to the ends of nouns:<br /> <br /> * Katr ''cat'' + -sa = Kâtrsa ''cats''<br /> <br /> Yardistani also uses suffixes to indicate possession. There is a suffix for each grammatical person:<br /> <br /> * First person uses the suffix '''-jo'''<br /> ** Katr + -jo = Kâtrjo ''my/our cat''<br /> * Second person uses '''-do'''<br /> ** Katr + -do = Kâtrdo ''your cat''<br /> * Third person uses '''-lo'''<br /> ** Katr + -lo = Kâtrlo ''his/her/its/their cat''<br /> <br /> As you can see, there is no distinction in number in these suffixes and the meaning must be gleaned from context.<br /> <br /> The order of the plural and possessive suffixes is unimportant. This means that 'Kâtrsalo' is equivalent to 'Kâtrlosa'.<br /> <br /> Yardistani also has a genitive suffix '-na'. This suffix comes last, and functions much in the same way that '-'s' does in English:<br /> <br /> *Tâlrna libr - ''Talr's book''<br /> *Mâtrdona jojo - ''Your mother's friend.'' <br /> *Kâtrsalona Matr - ''His cats' mother''<br /> <br /> It is also very common to use the preposition 'du' to form these same phrases; for instance 'Matr du Kâtrsalo' means ''the mother of his cats''.<br /> <br /> ====Personal Pronouns====<br /> Yardistani distinguishes four persons: first, dual, second, and third. Their forms are below:<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Person<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Singular<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Plural<br /> |-<br /> ! Nominative<br /> ! Oblique<br /> ! Nominative<br /> ! Oblique<br /> |-<br /> ! 1st<br /> | Je<br /> | Ji<br /> | Jesa<br /> | Jisa<br /> |-<br /> ! Dual<br /> | style=&quot;background:#999999;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | Jitesa<br /> | style=&quot;background:#999999;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;<br /> | Jitesa<br /> |-<br /> ! 2nd<br /> | De<br /> | Di<br /> | Desa<br /> | Disa<br /> |-<br /> ! 3rd<br /> | Le<br /> | Li<br /> | Lesa<br /> | Lisa<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> The dual person is used when talking about oneself (or the group the speaker belongs to) and the person or people the speaker is speaking to. Thus, it is inherently plural and has no singular forms.<br /> <br /> The nominative forms are used in subject positions of sentences. The oblique is used as the object of verbs or prepositions.<br /> <br /> ===Adjectives and Adverbs===<br /> All adjectives in Yardistani end in '-ix'; for instance 'yahix' ''cold'' or 'nalix' ''white''. There is no agreement between the adjective and the nouns they modify, so the form is always the same. Thus there is no difference in the adjectives 'libr nehix' for ''new book' and 'lîbrsa nehix' for ''new books''.<br /> <br /> Adverbs end in '-ís' and generally have the same roots as Adjectives. Thus 'nehís' means ''newly'' where 'nehix' means 'new'. <br /> <br /> ==Yardistani and its Relation to Other Languages==<br /> Yardistani is a language comprised heavily of loan words. As such, its relation to other languages is very important to its understanding. The language's relationship to Spanish, for instance, is comparable to English's relationship to French. English has its distinct syntax and grammar, its own pronunciation, and its own core vocabulary, but almost inexplicable amounts of the language are loaned from French and other Romantic sources. Yardistani is much the same as English in this example: it has a number of core vocabulary and its own grammar, but the language is primarily based on Spanish words.<br /> <br /> Yardistani shares some vocalbulary with [[Rantsilastani]], evidentaly from a common ancestor. This relationship is most evident in a number of verbs, but exists in many lexical categories: <br /> {|border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;<br /> ! Yardistani<br /> ! Rantsilastani<br /> ! Gloss<br /> |-<br /> | nejj<br /> | nej<br /> | to be<br /> |-<br /> | dajj<br /> | dej<br /> | to be (locative)<br /> |-<br /> | talajj<br /> | talej<br /> | to change ''(also'' to move ''in Rant.)''<br /> |-<br /> | Mrki<br /> | merko<br /> | Y: House; R: hut, shelter<br /> |-<br /> | -na<br /> | -na<br /> | ''genitive suffix''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Useful Phrases in Yardistani==<br /> <br /> *Hi! - ''¡Allo!'' or ''¡Don!<br /> *Hello - ''Donsu''<br /> *Goodbye - ''Donku''<br /> *My name is... - ''Nâmrjo ne...''<br /> *Where is...? - ''Xo da ...?''<br /> *I want to go to Novi Nigrad - ''Je kere vejj nja Nigrad Nehix''<br /> *I hope everybody is well and that the bomb are not killing you quickly. - ''J'espere kju Tôdrsa nejr bonís, ce kju Bômbrsa Disa mataju rapís''<br /> <br /> ''See Also:'' [[Del-al'Enetet]], [[Radarasilikan]]<br /> [[Category:Fiction]] [[category:Yardistan]] [[category: Conlangs]] [[Category: Languages]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7121 2008-12-29T16:49:58Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a [[Conlang]] spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Languages]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7120 2008-12-29T16:49:28Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure<br /> <br /> [[Category: Languages]]</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Passikaans_language&diff=7119 2008-12-29T13:48:00Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Passikaans<br /> |nativename= ''Passikaans''<br /> |familycolor=green<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= South-Western Shireroth<br /> |speakers=1,875,000<br /> |family= Shiritho-Benacian languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[Thanatos]]<br /> |agency= Language Institute of the Highpasser Veldt }}<br /> <br /> '''Passikaans''' is a Shirerithian [[conlang]] of the Shiritho-Benacian family of languages. It evolved from the earlier [[Lishkan]], and is slightly influenced by [[Lakhesian]], but only subtly. It is spoken in [[Highpass]], and also in parts of [[Thanatos]]. Local legends say that the language was formed when people attempted to imitate the sound of Veldt grass blowing in the wind. Passikaans is a harsh-sounding language.<br /> <br /> == Orthography and Sounds ==<br /> '''Vowels'''<br /> <br /> a - as in c'''a'''t. '''IPA:''' æ &lt;br&gt;<br /> e - as in p'''e'''t. '''IPA:''' ɛ &lt;br&gt;<br /> i - as in k'''i'''t. '''IPA:''' ɪ &lt;br&gt;<br /> í - as in m'''ea'''t. '''IPA:''' iː &lt;br&gt;<br /> o - as in l'''o'''t. '''IPA:''' ɒ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ó - as in c'''augh'''t. '''IPA:''' ɔː &lt;br&gt;<br /> y - as in Uh? '''IPA:''' əː &lt;br&gt;<br /> ú - as in g'''oo'''se. '''IPA:''' uː &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> aa - long /a/ as in f'''a'''ther &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Consonants'''<br /> ''(Pronounced as in British English)''&lt;br&gt;<br /> b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w,&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> x - as in Scottish 'loch' &lt;br&gt;<br /> z - as in '''sh'''eep &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> dv - 'v' as in viola&lt;br&gt;<br /> dt - 't' as in transport&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> ===Sentence Structure===<br /> The grammar of Passikaans is ridiculously simple, but its simplicity can lead to ambiguity and awkward compound words. This explains the large number of awkward and ambiguous people in [[Highpass]].<br /> <br /> Sentences are usually '''Subject-Verb-Object'''. It is important that sentences maintain this order because there is no grammatical case for nouns.<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> Verbs in the dictionary are shown in the ''infinitive'', such as '''kraam''' (to go).<br /> <br /> Affixes are added to the end of verbs to change the tense. This is simple, as Passikaans has only 3 tenses (unlike the 13 in English which include such beasts as ''Present Perfect Progressive'').<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Past Tense (it has taken place), either 'ezem' or 'zem' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezem' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases ''''I went'''', ''''I have gone'''', ''''I was going'''' could all be rendered as '''Aai kraamzem'''. <br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Present tense (it is happening now/it happens regularly/it happens conditionally), the verb remains the same as it is found in the dictionary. So ''''I go'''' and ''''I am going'''' are rendered as ''''Aai kraam''''.<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Future tense (it will happen/it is going to happen), either 'zyk' or 'ezyk' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezyk' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases '''I will go''', and '''I am going' to go''' are rendered as '''Aai kraamzyk'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Information ==<br /> Passikaans was created by Oze McMahon. It is apparently based on Dutch and English.</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Passikaans_language&diff=7118 2008-12-29T13:47:39Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Passikaans<br /> |nativename= ''Passikaans''<br /> |familycolor=green<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= South-Western Shireroth<br /> |speakers=1,875,000<br /> |family= Shiritho-Benacian languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[Thanatos]]<br /> |agency= Language Institute of the Highpasser Veld }}<br /> <br /> '''Passikaans''' is a Shirerithian [[conlang]] of the Shiritho-Benacian family of languages. It evolved from the earlier [[Lishkan]], and is slightly influenced by [[Lakhesian]], but only subtly. It is spoken in [[Highpass]], and also in parts of [[Thanatos]]. Local legends say that the language was formed when people attempted to imitate the sound of Veldt grass blowing in the wind. Passikaans is a harsh-sounding language.<br /> <br /> == Orthography and Sounds ==<br /> '''Vowels'''<br /> <br /> a - as in c'''a'''t. '''IPA:''' æ &lt;br&gt;<br /> e - as in p'''e'''t. '''IPA:''' ɛ &lt;br&gt;<br /> i - as in k'''i'''t. '''IPA:''' ɪ &lt;br&gt;<br /> í - as in m'''ea'''t. '''IPA:''' iː &lt;br&gt;<br /> o - as in l'''o'''t. '''IPA:''' ɒ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ó - as in c'''augh'''t. '''IPA:''' ɔː &lt;br&gt;<br /> y - as in Uh? '''IPA:''' əː &lt;br&gt;<br /> ú - as in g'''oo'''se. '''IPA:''' uː &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> aa - long /a/ as in f'''a'''ther &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Consonants'''<br /> ''(Pronounced as in British English)''&lt;br&gt;<br /> b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w,&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> x - as in Scottish 'loch' &lt;br&gt;<br /> z - as in '''sh'''eep &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> dv - 'v' as in viola&lt;br&gt;<br /> dt - 't' as in transport&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> ===Sentence Structure===<br /> The grammar of Passikaans is ridiculously simple, but its simplicity can lead to ambiguity and awkward compound words. This explains the large number of awkward and ambiguous people in [[Highpass]].<br /> <br /> Sentences are usually '''Subject-Verb-Object'''. It is important that sentences maintain this order because there is no grammatical case for nouns.<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> Verbs in the dictionary are shown in the ''infinitive'', such as '''kraam''' (to go).<br /> <br /> Affixes are added to the end of verbs to change the tense. This is simple, as Passikaans has only 3 tenses (unlike the 13 in English which include such beasts as ''Present Perfect Progressive'').<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Past Tense (it has taken place), either 'ezem' or 'zem' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezem' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases ''''I went'''', ''''I have gone'''', ''''I was going'''' could all be rendered as '''Aai kraamzem'''. <br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Present tense (it is happening now/it happens regularly/it happens conditionally), the verb remains the same as it is found in the dictionary. So ''''I go'''' and ''''I am going'''' are rendered as ''''Aai kraam''''.<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Future tense (it will happen/it is going to happen), either 'zyk' or 'ezyk' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezyk' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases '''I will go''', and '''I am going' to go''' are rendered as '''Aai kraamzyk'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Information ==<br /> Passikaans was created by Oze McMahon. It is apparently based on Dutch and English.</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Passikaans_language&diff=7117 2008-12-29T13:47:22Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Passikaans<br /> |nativename= Passikaans<br /> |familycolor=green<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= South-Western Shireroth<br /> |speakers=1,875,000<br /> |family= Shiritho-Benacian languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[Thanatos]]<br /> |agency= Language Institute of the Highpasser Veld }}<br /> <br /> '''Passikaans''' is a Shirerithian [[conlang]] of the Shiritho-Benacian family of languages. It evolved from the earlier [[Lishkan]], and is slightly influenced by [[Lakhesian]], but only subtly. It is spoken in [[Highpass]], and also in parts of [[Thanatos]]. Local legends say that the language was formed when people attempted to imitate the sound of Veldt grass blowing in the wind. Passikaans is a harsh-sounding language.<br /> <br /> == Orthography and Sounds ==<br /> '''Vowels'''<br /> <br /> a - as in c'''a'''t. '''IPA:''' æ &lt;br&gt;<br /> e - as in p'''e'''t. '''IPA:''' ɛ &lt;br&gt;<br /> i - as in k'''i'''t. '''IPA:''' ɪ &lt;br&gt;<br /> í - as in m'''ea'''t. '''IPA:''' iː &lt;br&gt;<br /> o - as in l'''o'''t. '''IPA:''' ɒ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ó - as in c'''augh'''t. '''IPA:''' ɔː &lt;br&gt;<br /> y - as in Uh? '''IPA:''' əː &lt;br&gt;<br /> ú - as in g'''oo'''se. '''IPA:''' uː &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> aa - long /a/ as in f'''a'''ther &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Consonants'''<br /> ''(Pronounced as in British English)''&lt;br&gt;<br /> b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w,&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> x - as in Scottish 'loch' &lt;br&gt;<br /> z - as in '''sh'''eep &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> dv - 'v' as in viola&lt;br&gt;<br /> dt - 't' as in transport&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> ===Sentence Structure===<br /> The grammar of Passikaans is ridiculously simple, but its simplicity can lead to ambiguity and awkward compound words. This explains the large number of awkward and ambiguous people in [[Highpass]].<br /> <br /> Sentences are usually '''Subject-Verb-Object'''. It is important that sentences maintain this order because there is no grammatical case for nouns.<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> Verbs in the dictionary are shown in the ''infinitive'', such as '''kraam''' (to go).<br /> <br /> Affixes are added to the end of verbs to change the tense. This is simple, as Passikaans has only 3 tenses (unlike the 13 in English which include such beasts as ''Present Perfect Progressive'').<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Past Tense (it has taken place), either 'ezem' or 'zem' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezem' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases ''''I went'''', ''''I have gone'''', ''''I was going'''' could all be rendered as '''Aai kraamzem'''. <br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Present tense (it is happening now/it happens regularly/it happens conditionally), the verb remains the same as it is found in the dictionary. So ''''I go'''' and ''''I am going'''' are rendered as ''''Aai kraam''''.<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Future tense (it will happen/it is going to happen), either 'zyk' or 'ezyk' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezyk' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases '''I will go''', and '''I am going' to go''' are rendered as '''Aai kraamzyk'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Information ==<br /> Passikaans was created by Oze McMahon. It is apparently based on Dutch and English.</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Passikaans_language&diff=7116 2008-12-29T13:47:02Z

<p>Maksym: Just added the language wikitable- Oze can change what I wrote in it if he wants :)</p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Passikaans<br /> |nativename= ''Passikaans'<br /> |familycolor=green<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= South-Western Shireroth<br /> |speakers=1,875,000<br /> |family= Shiritho-Benacian languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[Thanatos]]<br /> |agency= Language Institute of the Highpasser Veld }}<br /> <br /> '''Passikaans''' is a Shirerithian [[conlang]] of the Shiritho-Benacian family of languages. It evolved from the earlier [[Lishkan]], and is slightly influenced by [[Lakhesian]], but only subtly. It is spoken in [[Highpass]], and also in parts of [[Thanatos]]. Local legends say that the language was formed when people attempted to imitate the sound of Veldt grass blowing in the wind. Passikaans is a harsh-sounding language.<br /> <br /> == Orthography and Sounds ==<br /> '''Vowels'''<br /> <br /> a - as in c'''a'''t. '''IPA:''' æ &lt;br&gt;<br /> e - as in p'''e'''t. '''IPA:''' ɛ &lt;br&gt;<br /> i - as in k'''i'''t. '''IPA:''' ɪ &lt;br&gt;<br /> í - as in m'''ea'''t. '''IPA:''' iː &lt;br&gt;<br /> o - as in l'''o'''t. '''IPA:''' ɒ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ó - as in c'''augh'''t. '''IPA:''' ɔː &lt;br&gt;<br /> y - as in Uh? '''IPA:''' əː &lt;br&gt;<br /> ú - as in g'''oo'''se. '''IPA:''' uː &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> aa - long /a/ as in f'''a'''ther &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Consonants'''<br /> ''(Pronounced as in British English)''&lt;br&gt;<br /> b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, w,&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> x - as in Scottish 'loch' &lt;br&gt;<br /> z - as in '''sh'''eep &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> dv - 'v' as in viola&lt;br&gt;<br /> dt - 't' as in transport&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> ===Sentence Structure===<br /> The grammar of Passikaans is ridiculously simple, but its simplicity can lead to ambiguity and awkward compound words. This explains the large number of awkward and ambiguous people in [[Highpass]].<br /> <br /> Sentences are usually '''Subject-Verb-Object'''. It is important that sentences maintain this order because there is no grammatical case for nouns.<br /> <br /> ===Verbs===<br /> Verbs in the dictionary are shown in the ''infinitive'', such as '''kraam''' (to go).<br /> <br /> Affixes are added to the end of verbs to change the tense. This is simple, as Passikaans has only 3 tenses (unlike the 13 in English which include such beasts as ''Present Perfect Progressive'').<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Past Tense (it has taken place), either 'ezem' or 'zem' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezem' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases ''''I went'''', ''''I have gone'''', ''''I was going'''' could all be rendered as '''Aai kraamzem'''. <br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Present tense (it is happening now/it happens regularly/it happens conditionally), the verb remains the same as it is found in the dictionary. So ''''I go'''' and ''''I am going'''' are rendered as ''''Aai kraam''''.<br /> <br /> To place a verb in the Future tense (it will happen/it is going to happen), either 'zyk' or 'ezyk' is appended to the infinitive form of the verb. 'ezyk' is added if the plain verb ends with a 'z'. So the phrases '''I will go''', and '''I am going' to go''' are rendered as '''Aai kraamzyk'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Information ==<br /> Passikaans was created by Oze McMahon. It is apparently based on Dutch and English.</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7115 2008-12-29T13:41:34Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire<br /> |speakers=4,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7114 2008-12-29T13:41:12Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region= Southern Brookshire, Shireroth<br /> |speakers=3,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]], Barony of [[K'Tzuni]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7113 2008-12-29T13:40:16Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language<br /> |name=Laqi <br /> |nativename= ''Laҳi''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region=Barony of [[K'Tzuni]] and Southern Shireroth<br /> |speakers=3,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7112 2008-12-29T13:39:43Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{language|name=Laqi ''(Laҳi)''<br /> |familycolor=red<br /> |nations=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |region=Barony of [[K'Tzuni]] and Southern Shireroth<br /> |speakers=3,275,100<br /> |family= Khaz-Modani Languages<br /> |nation=[[Shireroth]]<br /> |agency= Laqi Linguistic Board }}<br /> <br /> ''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7108 2008-12-29T06:20:11Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7107 2008-12-29T06:19:50Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>''Noxi Laҳi... sьkarlә baarli Južŋaŋu''<br /> ''Our Laqi... the sweet speech of the South''<br /> Traditional Saying<br /> <br /> Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7106 2008-12-29T06:14:52Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[Conlang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7105 2008-12-29T06:14:17Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> ===Geographical Distribution===<br /> [[Image:Ktzunispeech.png]]<br /> Map showing linguistic distribution of Laqi and its neighbouring languages in the Barony of K'Tzuni &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> As the map above shows, the geographical distribution of the Laqi Language is a wide one.<br /> The Lingua Franca of K'Tzuni, Laqi is a major Shirereithan [[ConLang]] and is used extensively by local government in K'Tzuni. Its influence leads to its common usage in the borderlands with other Baronies such as [[Dolor]], and also in small emigré communities of Laqis in major Shirereithan cities such as [[Shirekeep]].<br /> <br /> ===Official Status===<br /> ===Dialects===<br /> Numerous dialects of the Laqi language exist- though the accepted norm, standardised Laqi, is understood throughout the Laqi-speaking provinces and is generally the written form, an insular variation with many now outmoded and archaic aspects of vocabulary and syntax (such as colloquial use of the plural and retaining of imported words before the Laqi Language Purification by Laqi Linguistic Board) being spoken on the small island County of [[Ž]]. [[Lywind]] also has a distinct Laqi dialect- with numerous words of Lywind English. The ''purest'' Laqi dialect is known as ''High-Laqi'', spoken in Upper Lach, in the County of [[Modan-lach]]. It is this Laqi upon which the modern standardisation is based, and that which is taught in Laqi language schools and used for the great majority of publishing in the [[K'Tzuni]] region. <br /> Laqi spoken in [[Modan-lach]]'s coastal area is known as ''Low-Laqi'', and has many more imported words due to earlier contact with foreign tradesmen in the Khaz Gulf. The influx of native [[Shirithan English]] speakers to [[K'Tzuni]]'s capital, Brookshire Hamlet, during the time of the foundation of the [[Kehl]] (K'Tzuni's Baronial Legislative Body) also led to a noticable increase in colloquial Shirithan English words in Laqi circulating amongst Laqi speakers in the city.<br /> <br /> ===History===<br /> <br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7104 2008-12-29T06:01:55Z

<p>Maksym: /* Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7103 2008-12-29T06:00:42Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7102 2008-12-29T05:59:30Z

<p>Maksym: /* Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !Gema &quot;''ship''&quot;||Ҳavьa &quot;''air''&quot;||Uram &quot;''bucket''&quot;||Sәdiz &quot;''carrot''&quot;||Gobьv &quot;''head''&quot;||Zel &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||Gema||Ҳavьa||Uram||Sәdiz||Gobьv||Zel<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -N,M,T||-nu, -nө, -nә, -mә, -mө, -ta, -tun||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''nө'''||Uram'''(ь)mә'''||Sәdiz'''mө'''||Gobьv'''ta'''||Zel'''tun'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -Ŋ,T||-ŋaŋ, -ŋarŋar, -ŋaŋaŋ, -ŋaŋu, -tog, -tet||Gema'''nu'''||Ҳavьa'''ŋarŋar'''||Uram'''ŋaŋaŋ'''||Sәdiz'''ŋaŋu'''||Gobьv'''tog'''||Zel'''tet'''<br /> !Dat<br /> | -Š||-šu, -šet, -šeš, -šem, -šar, šor||Gema'''šu'''||Ҳavьa'''šet'''||Uram'''šeš'''||Sәdiz'''šem'''||Gobьv'''šar'''||Zel'''šor'''<br /> !Inst<br /> | -B,Ž||-bo, -bet, -ben, -vet, -žen, -žaz<br /> ||Gema'''bo'''||Ҳavьa'''bet'''||Uram'''ben'''||Sәdiz'''vet'''||Gobьv'''žen'''||Zel'''žaz'''<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7101 2008-12-29T05:38:31Z

<p>Maksym: /* Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of Laqi nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !кеме &quot;''ship''&quot;||ауа &quot;''air''&quot;||шелек &quot;''bucket''&quot;||сәбіз &quot;''carrot''&quot;||бас &quot;''head''&quot;||тұз &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||кеме||ауа||шелек||сәбіз||бас||тұз<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -NI||-ні, -ны, -ді, -ды, -ті, -ты, -н||кеме'''ні'''||ауа'''ны'''||шелек'''ті'''||сәбіз'''ді'''||бас'''ты'''||тұз'''ды'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -NIŋ||-нің, -ның, -дің, -дың, -тің, -тың||кеме'''нің'''||ауа'''ның'''||шелек'''тің'''||сәбіз'''дің'''||бас'''тың'''||тұз'''дың'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -GA||-ге, -ға, -ке, -қа, -не, -на||кеме'''ге'''||ауа'''ға'''||шелек'''ке'''||сәбіз'''ге'''||бас'''қа'''||тұз'''ға'''<br /> |-<br /> !Loc<br /> | -DA||-де, -да, -те, -та||кеме'''де'''||ауа'''да'''||шелек'''те'''||сәбіз'''де'''||бас'''та'''||тұз'''да'''<br /> |-<br /> !Abl<br /> | -DAn||-ден, -дан, -тен, -тан, -нен, -нан||кеме'''ден'''||ауа'''дан'''||шелек'''тен'''||сәбіз'''ден'''||бас'''тан'''||тұз'''дан'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -Men||-мен(ен) -бен(ен) -пен(ен)||кеме'''мен'''||ауа'''мен'''||шелек'''пен'''||сәбіз'''бен'''||бас'''пен'''||тұз'''бен'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7100 2008-12-29T05:37:44Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Morpheme<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !кеме &quot;''ship''&quot;||ауа &quot;''air''&quot;||шелек &quot;''bucket''&quot;||сәбіз &quot;''carrot''&quot;||бас &quot;''head''&quot;||тұз &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||кеме||ауа||шелек||сәбіз||бас||тұз<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -NI||-ні, -ны, -ді, -ды, -ті, -ты, -н||кеме'''ні'''||ауа'''ны'''||шелек'''ті'''||сәбіз'''ді'''||бас'''ты'''||тұз'''ды'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -NIŋ||-нің, -ның, -дің, -дың, -тің, -тың||кеме'''нің'''||ауа'''ның'''||шелек'''тің'''||сәбіз'''дің'''||бас'''тың'''||тұз'''дың'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -GA||-ге, -ға, -ке, -қа, -не, -на||кеме'''ге'''||ауа'''ға'''||шелек'''ке'''||сәбіз'''ге'''||бас'''қа'''||тұз'''ға'''<br /> |-<br /> !Loc<br /> | -DA||-де, -да, -те, -та||кеме'''де'''||ауа'''да'''||шелек'''те'''||сәбіз'''де'''||бас'''та'''||тұз'''да'''<br /> |-<br /> !Abl<br /> | -DAn||-ден, -дан, -тен, -тан, -нен, -нан||кеме'''ден'''||ауа'''дан'''||шелек'''тен'''||сәбіз'''ден'''||бас'''тан'''||тұз'''дан'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -Men||-мен(ен) -бен(ен) -пен(ен)||кеме'''мен'''||ауа'''мен'''||шелек'''пен'''||сәбіз'''бен'''||бас'''пен'''||тұз'''бен'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writing System===<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7099 2008-12-29T05:37:23Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> ===Grammar===<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> =====Cases=====<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Morpheme<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !кеме &quot;''ship''&quot;||ауа &quot;''air''&quot;||шелек &quot;''bucket''&quot;||сәбіз &quot;''carrot''&quot;||бас &quot;''head''&quot;||тұз &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||кеме||ауа||шелек||сәбіз||бас||тұз<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -NI||-ні, -ны, -ді, -ды, -ті, -ты, -н||кеме'''ні'''||ауа'''ны'''||шелек'''ті'''||сәбіз'''ді'''||бас'''ты'''||тұз'''ды'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -NIŋ||-нің, -ның, -дің, -дың, -тің, -тың||кеме'''нің'''||ауа'''ның'''||шелек'''тің'''||сәбіз'''дің'''||бас'''тың'''||тұз'''дың'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -GA||-ге, -ға, -ке, -қа, -не, -на||кеме'''ге'''||ауа'''ға'''||шелек'''ке'''||сәбіз'''ге'''||бас'''қа'''||тұз'''ға'''<br /> |-<br /> !Loc<br /> | -DA||-де, -да, -те, -та||кеме'''де'''||ауа'''да'''||шелек'''те'''||сәбіз'''де'''||бас'''та'''||тұз'''да'''<br /> |-<br /> !Abl<br /> | -DAn||-ден, -дан, -тен, -тан, -нен, -нан||кеме'''ден'''||ауа'''дан'''||шелек'''тен'''||сәбіз'''ден'''||бас'''тан'''||тұз'''дан'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -Men||-мен(ен) -бен(ен) -пен(ен)||кеме'''мен'''||ауа'''мен'''||шелек'''пен'''||сәбіз'''бен'''||бас'''пен'''||тұз'''бен'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =====Writing System=====<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7098 2008-12-29T05:36:28Z

<p>Maksym: /* Grammar */</p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> =====Grammar=====<br /> <br /> Laqi syntax and grammar has been heavily influenced by the calques of numerous Indo-European languages, sharing similarities in conjugation, case utilisation, and personal pronouns with both the Slavic and Germanic branches of that language family.<br /> However, unusually for a language of Indo-European influence, Laqi is Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV word order can be used depending on dialect and context.<br /> The usage of personal pronouns and conjugation is also comparable to the Altaic family tree, however, with the Turkic system of suffix addition being employed widely across the Laqi language to conjugate verbs. <br /> Unusually, as well as a singular and plural form of nouns, Laqi also maintains a dual form- found also in Slovenian- which is widely used. Colloquially, the plural form is often not used, instead repeating the noun twice, hyphenated, as in Indonesian and Malay.<br /> <br /> ===Cases===<br /> Laqi has five cases. Case endings are applied to the last ending of a noun or adjective. <br /> These cases are the Nominative ''(subject)'', Accusative ''(direct object)'', Genitive ''(possessive)'', Dative''(indirect object)'', and Instrumental ''(comitative)''. <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Declension of nouns<br /> !Case<br /> !Morpheme<br /> !Possible forms<br /> !кеме &quot;''ship''&quot;||ауа &quot;''air''&quot;||шелек &quot;''bucket''&quot;||сәбіз &quot;''carrot''&quot;||бас &quot;''head''&quot;||тұз &quot;''salt''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Nom<br /> | —||—||кеме||ауа||шелек||сәбіз||бас||тұз<br /> |-<br /> !Acc<br /> | -NI||-ні, -ны, -ді, -ды, -ті, -ты, -н||кеме'''ні'''||ауа'''ны'''||шелек'''ті'''||сәбіз'''ді'''||бас'''ты'''||тұз'''ды'''<br /> |-<br /> !Gen<br /> | -NIŋ||-нің, -ның, -дің, -дың, -тің, -тың||кеме'''нің'''||ауа'''ның'''||шелек'''тің'''||сәбіз'''дің'''||бас'''тың'''||тұз'''дың'''<br /> |-<br /> !Dat<br /> | -GA||-ге, -ға, -ке, -қа, -не, -на||кеме'''ге'''||ауа'''ға'''||шелек'''ке'''||сәбіз'''ге'''||бас'''қа'''||тұз'''ға'''<br /> |-<br /> !Loc<br /> | -DA||-де, -да, -те, -та||кеме'''де'''||ауа'''да'''||шелек'''те'''||сәбіз'''де'''||бас'''та'''||тұз'''да'''<br /> |-<br /> !Abl<br /> | -DAn||-ден, -дан, -тен, -тан, -нен, -нан||кеме'''ден'''||ауа'''дан'''||шелек'''тен'''||сәбіз'''ден'''||бас'''тан'''||тұз'''дан'''<br /> |-<br /> !Inst<br /> | -Men||-мен(ен) -бен(ен) -пен(ен)||кеме'''мен'''||ауа'''мен'''||шелек'''пен'''||сәбіз'''бен'''||бас'''пен'''||тұз'''бен'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =====Writing System=====<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7097 2008-12-29T05:21:19Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> =====Grammar=====<br /> =====Writing System=====<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqi_language&diff=7096 2008-12-29T05:21:01Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>Laqi is a ConLang spoken by the overwhelming majority of citizens of the county of [[Modan-lach]] and in smaller numbers in [[Lywind]] and [[Ž]]. It is a recognised official language of the [[Barony of K'Tzuni]]. Believed to have originated from dialects spoken by Khaz-Modanians in ancient times, Laqi is designed to have a Turkic appearance in its vocabulary, its alphabet designed greatly on those used by the Soviets in the 1920s for languages such as Tuvinian and Azeri. The first work on Laqi was started by [[Max edwards|Maksym Hadjimehmetov]] under the reign of [[Kaiser Mors V]]. A [[Laqi Phrasebook]] and basic grammar are currently being compiled.<br /> <br /> =====Geographical Distribution=====<br /> =====Official Status=====<br /> =====Dialects=====<br /> =====History=====<br /> =====Grammar=====<br /> =====Writing System<br /> <br /> The Laqi alphabet is generally phoenetic, though there are regional variations in Upper Lach (see [[Modan-lach]]) and stress changes according to gender endings of adjectives and nouns. Unlike some of the Turkic languages which it is based on, there is no vowel harmony.<br /> The alphabet consists of thirty letters, seven of which are vowels.<br /> <br /> <br /> *A- ‘a’ as in apple<br /> *B- hard ‘b’ as in bet<br /> *C- ‘ts’ or ‘tz’ as in kibbutz<br /> *D-‘d’ as in ‘dot’<br /> *E- acute ‘e’ as in French soufflé<br /> *G- hard ‘g’ as in great<br /> *I- ‘ee’ as in need<br /> *J- ‘y’ as in year<br /> *K- ‘k’ as in kill<br /> *L- ‘l’ as in lemon<br /> *Ł- as in the Polish- soft English ‘w’ as in where<br /> *M- ‘m’ as in meat<br /> *N- ‘n’ as in nearly<br /> *Ŋ- ‘ny’ as in Chechnya<br /> *O- short ‘o’ as in lot<br /> *Ө- ‘oe’ as in German ö<br /> *P- ‘p’ as in party<br /> *R- ‘r’ as in really<br /> *S- ‘s’ as in simple<br /> *Š- ‘sh’ as in sharp<br /> *T- ‘t’ as in toast<br /> *U- ‘oo’ as in good <br /> *Ə- short ‘u’ as in tug<br /> *V- German ‘v’ (i.e soft ‘v’)<br /> *X- ‘ch’ as in cheese<br /> *Ҳ- ‘kh’ as in loch<br /> *Ь- clips preceeding vowel or consonant short<br /> *Z- ‘z’ as in zebra<br /> *Ž- soft ‘zh’ or the ‘su’ in leisure</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqis&diff=7095 2008-12-29T05:11:52Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{|class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:2; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> &lt;!---------------Heading---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;&quot;| {{{group}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Total population---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Total population<br /> | &lt;!--carriage-return to aid line-spacing:--&gt;<br /> {{{1,750,000|}}}{{{pop|}}}{{{poptime|}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Regions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Regions with significant populations&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> -----(table begins)-----&gt;<br /> {{{!}} align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> {{#if:{{{tablehdr|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:105%;&quot;{{!}} {{{tablehdr}}}&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{!}} {{{region1|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{[[Modan-lach]]}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref1|}}}<br /> {{!-}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region2|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{[[Lywind]]}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop2|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref2|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region3|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{[[Shimmerspring]]}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop3|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-<br /> left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref3|}}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region4|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{[[Ž]]}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop3|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-<br /> left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref4|}}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!---------------Languages---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Languages&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{langs|}}}{{{languages|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Religions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Religions&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{rels|}}}{{{religions|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Related groups---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{related|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;{{!}} Related ethnic groups&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}<br /> {{{related}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{clear}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Infobox Ethnic group/doc}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Infobox templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqis&diff=7094 2008-12-29T05:10:09Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{|class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:2; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> &lt;!---------------Heading---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;&quot;| {{{group}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Image---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{image|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> {{!}}style=&quot;border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;&quot;{{!}} {{{image|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}style=&quot;border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;&quot;{{!}} {{{image_caption|}}}{{{caption|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Total population---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Total population&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> | &lt;!--carriage-return to aid line-spacing:--&gt;<br /> {{{population|}}}{{{pop|}}}{{{poptime|}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Regions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Regions with significant populations&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}} {{#if:{{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> {{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}} {{#if:{{{region1|}}}|&lt;!--then: region1 specified, so prepare table:--&gt;{{#if:{{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}|&lt;!--then: new row needed:--&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}&lt;!--<br /> -----(table begins)-----&gt;<br /> {{{!}} align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> {{#if:{{{tablehdr|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:105%;&quot;{{!}} {{{tablehdr}}}&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{!}} {{{region1|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{[[Modan-lach]]}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref1|}}}<br /> {{!-}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region2|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{[[Lywind]]}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop2|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref2|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region3|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{[[Shimmerspring]]}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop3|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-<br /> left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref3|}}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region4|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{[[Ž]]}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop3|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-<br /> left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref4|}}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!---------------Languages---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Languages&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{langs|}}}{{{languages|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Religions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Religions&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{rels|}}}{{{religions|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Related groups---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{related|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;{{!}} Related ethnic groups&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}<br /> {{{related}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{clear}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Infobox Ethnic group/doc}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Infobox templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqis&diff=7093 2008-12-29T05:07:52Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{|class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:10; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> &lt;!---------------Heading---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;&quot;| {{{group}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Image---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{image|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> {{!}}style=&quot;border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;&quot;{{!}} {{{image|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}style=&quot;border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;&quot;{{!}} {{{image_caption|}}}{{{caption|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Total population---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Total population&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> | &lt;!--carriage-return to aid line-spacing:--&gt;<br /> {{{population|}}}{{{pop|}}}{{{poptime|}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Regions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Regions with significant populations&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}} {{#if:{{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> {{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}} {{#if:{{{region1|}}}|&lt;!--then: region1 specified, so prepare table:--&gt;{{#if:{{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}|&lt;!--then: new row needed:--&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}&lt;!--<br /> -----(table begins)-----&gt;<br /> {{{!}} align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> {{#if:{{{tablehdr|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:105%;&quot;{{!}} {{{tablehdr}}}&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{!}} {{{region1|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop1|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref1|}}}<br /> {{!-}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region2|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region2|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop2|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref2|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region3|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region3|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop3|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref3|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region4|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region4|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop4|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref4|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region5|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region5|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop5|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref5|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region6|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region6|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop6|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref6|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region7|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region7|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop7|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref7|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region8|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region8|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop8|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref8|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region9|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region9|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop9|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref9|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region10|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region10|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop10|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref10|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region11|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region11|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop11|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref11|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region12|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region12|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop12|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref12|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region13|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region13|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop13|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref13|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region14|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region14|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop14|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref14|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region15|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region15|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop15|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref15|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region16|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region16|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop16|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref16|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region17|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region17|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop17|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref17|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region18|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region18|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop18|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref18|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region19|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region19|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop19|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref19|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region20|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region20|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop20|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref20|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region21|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region21|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop21|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref21|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region22|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region22|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop22|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref22|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region23|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region23|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop23|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref23|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region24|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region24|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop24|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref24|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region25|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region25|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop25|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref25|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region26|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region26|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop26|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref26|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region27|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region27|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop27|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref27|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region28|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region28|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop28|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref28|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region29|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region29|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop29|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref29|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region30|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region30|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop30|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref30|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{!}}}<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Languages---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Languages&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{langs|}}}{{{languages|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Religions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Religions&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{rels|}}}{{{religions|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Related groups---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{related|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;{{!}} Related ethnic groups&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}<br /> {{{related}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{clear}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Infobox Ethnic group/doc}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Infobox templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_Ethnic_Group&diff=7092 2008-12-29T05:07:00Z

<p>Maksym: New page: {|class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:22em; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; &lt;!---------------Heading---------------&gt; !style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:la...</p> <hr /> <div>{|class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:22em; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> &lt;!---------------Heading---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;&quot;| {{{group}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Image---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{image|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> {{!}}style=&quot;border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;&quot;{{!}} {{{image|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}style=&quot;border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;&quot;{{!}} {{{image_caption|}}}{{{caption|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Total population---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Total population&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> | &lt;!--carriage-return to aid line-spacing:--&gt;<br /> {{{population|}}}{{{pop|}}}{{{poptime|}}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Regions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Regions with significant populations&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}} {{#if:{{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> {{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}} {{#if:{{{region1|}}}|&lt;!--then: region1 specified, so prepare table:--&gt;{{#if:{{{popplace|}}}{{{regions|}}}|&lt;!--then: new row needed:--&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}&lt;!--<br /> -----(table begins)-----&gt;<br /> {{{!}} align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> {{#if:{{{tablehdr|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:105%;&quot;{{!}} {{{tablehdr}}}&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{!}} {{{region1|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop1|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref1|}}}<br /> {{!-}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region2|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region2|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop2|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref2|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region3|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region3|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop3|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref3|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region4|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region4|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop4|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref4|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region5|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region5|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop5|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref5|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region6|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region6|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop6|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref6|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region7|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region7|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop7|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref7|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region8|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region8|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop8|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref8|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region9|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region9|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop9|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref9|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region10|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region10|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop10|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref10|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region11|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region11|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop11|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref11|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region12|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region12|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop12|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref12|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region13|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region13|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop13|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref13|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region14|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region14|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop14|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref14|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region15|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region15|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop15|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref15|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region16|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region16|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop16|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref16|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region17|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region17|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop17|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref17|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region18|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region18|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop18|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref18|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region19|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region19|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop19|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref19|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region20|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region20|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop20|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref20|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region21|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region21|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop21|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref21|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region22|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region22|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop22|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref22|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region23|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region23|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop23|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref23|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region24|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region24|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop24|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref24|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region25|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region25|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop25|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref25|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region26|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region26|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop26|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref26|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region27|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region27|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop27|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref27|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region28|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region28|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop28|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref28|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region29|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region29|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop29|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref29|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{#if:{{{region30|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt; {{!}} {{{region30|}}} {{!!}}align=&quot;right&quot;{{!}} {{{pop30|}}} {{!!}}style=&quot;padding-left:1em;&quot;{{!}} {{{ref30|}}}<br /> {{!-}} &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> {{!}}}<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> &lt;!---------------Languages---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Languages&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{langs|}}}{{{languages|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Religions---------------&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;| Religions&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> |<br /> {{{rels|}}}{{{religions|}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!---------------Related groups---------------&gt;<br /> {{#if:{{{related|}}}|&lt;!--then:--&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;&quot;{{!}} Related ethnic groups&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> {{!}}<br /> {{{related}}}&lt;/tr&gt;<br /> &lt;!--end #if:--&gt;}}<br /> |}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{clear}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Infobox Ethnic group/doc}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Infobox templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

Maksym https://shireroth.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laqis&diff=7091 2008-12-29T05:06:15Z

<p>Maksym: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Ethnic group<br /> |group = <br /> |population = <br /> |region1 = <br /> |pop1 = <br /> |ref1 = <br /> |region2 = <br /> |pop2 = <br /> |ref2 = <br /> |region3 = <br /> |pop3 = <br /> |ref3 = <br /> |region4 = <br /> |pop4 = <br /> |ref4 = <br /> |region5 = <br /> |pop5 = <br /> |ref5 = <br /> |region6 = <br /> |pop6 = <br /> |ref6 = <br /> |region7 = <br /> |pop7 = <br /> |ref7 = <br /> |region8 = <br /> |pop8 = <br /> |ref8 = <br /> |region9 = <br /> |pop9 = <br /> |ref9 = <br /> |region10 = <br /> |pop10 = <br /> |ref10 = <br /> |languages = <br /> |religions = <br /> |related = <br /> |footnotes = <br /> }}</div>

Maksym
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